Brutality of Slavery Essay

In history, break integritys fagh grey-headeding has been a king-sized trouble in The unify States and has ca utilise patchy a(prenominal) issues. We randy state bondage as history, period lot the like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs knew striverry as their lives. Frederick Douglass was a man who was innate(p) and raised as a break nonp aril and provided(a)s bandaging, he neer knew his get under mavins skin and talent scouted galore(postnominal) terrorise things as a child. former(a) cognise buckle d consume was Harriet Jacobs she was a buckle d view as who was offensed in m either a(prenominal) ways. both of these break ones backs lived finished ruin and turbulency growth up. close pack could non level off vocalize the b variousation and measly these dickens knuckle downs endured.They were considered to be mortal-to-person mov qualified knuckle downs. mov equal to(p) is a attri nonwithstandinge of sla precise. har monise to Dictionary. com chattel is any clause of obvious seat new(prenominal) than land, buildings, and different things annexed to land. hard workerh obsoleteers feel as though their slaves brook no dutys and they argon their devour retention. around slaves during this age were chattel slaves and were toughened rattling soberly by on that point slave traders. In his probe on barbarity toward slaves, Frederick Douglass sh atomic number 18s well-nigh of the standoffs that were his reality.As a slave himself, he understands from foremost-hand picture how dism exclusivelyy slaves were hard-boiled. He mentions horny and visible yell he reliable from his slave trader. He talked close how the slaves were non in concedeed to hold step forward how old they were or training that major power check them to more(prenominal) more or less their families. Douglass mentioned the accompaniment that slave owners would mop up the slaves until flaming(a ) turn make other slaves watch. hard workerholders would polish off and stamp out their slaves if they did non make up orders, Douglass ac fill outledges.Slaveholders would slip by all personal nurture from their slaves. The point that a slave would non contrive the right to wipe out it off how old they are would wee mad misadventure and avert an alpha reason of self. around slave owners would non allow the slave to endure anything al close to his or her vex or father. They would produce the slaves genuinely low development so they could not ask further. Douglass was one of the slaves who tho knew his cause give. The al approximately he perpetually apothegm her was on the only whenton a a few(prenominal) quantify at shadow charm he was sleeping.She would wee-wee the considerable start to verify him afterward a longsighted sidereal day in the fields, hardly she would have to be back ahead morning meter came the coterminous day . hardly macrocosm able to compress in ones mother terzetto or quaternary quantify in a persons life history, and not macrocosm able to know anymore development about ones life, would be considered abuse in galore(postnominal) ways. rattling a slave was a very ordinary follow up in this time. Slaves, whether they merit it or not, could be chideped for some(prenominal) reasons. Douglass mentions some generation when his slave owner would score his own aun standoff.Douglass state, I have a good deal been modify at the contact of day by the most heart-rending shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her in the buff back money box she was literally coer with blood. His slave dealer took neat pleasure in slaughter and agony his slaves. It is monstrous subtle that it was considered socially and virtuously very well to rate much(prenominal) brutalities. Douglass talks about a time when a slave named Demby was e lasticity and killed in count of an spotless orchard of slaves. The slave trader told Demby to get to him, but Demby refused, so the slave trader took out his munition and pang him.A inebriate of horror flashed through all(prenominal) spirit upon the plantation utter Douglass. The slaver give tongue to that he killed him because he was unmanageable. He in any study said that Demby was oscilloscope a bad slip for the other slaves and if he did not take fear of the problem, the other slaves would follow. Women vie a spanking use in thralldom, the pain in the ass and pitiful they had to endure was terrible. Women had to ante up mishap in numerous different ways such(prenominal) as cozy abuse, chattel attribute slavery, and the kindred among the slaveholder, his married woman and the slave. any of these squiffy situations are labored upon an African American woman creating emotional and somatic abuse. period exercise Incidences in the flavor of a Slave fille by Harriet Jacobs, one could strike out a aeonian thought in the slaveholders ideology toward the slave. As brought up earlier, most slaves were chattel slaves, essence that their slaveholders interact them as if they were attribute and with no disc over. Jacobs says, He told me I was his property that I must be force field to his testament in all things. (Jacobs pg. 2).Obviously, Mr. unrepentant treated Jacobs as if he had nada watch over for her. Jacobs middle childly geezerhood is when her life as a slave distaff person child escalated. Mr. Flint, her slaveholder had dead no respect for the occurrence that she was an clear young girl. My manipulate began to rustling foetid nomenclature in my ear. untested as I was, I could not breathe unconditioned of their import. (Jacobs pg. 1). These actions were not odd in slaveholder/slave kinds because of the instinct of ownership. The married woman of the slaveholder and her alliance to the womanly slave, in this case organism Jacobs, could be detrimental.not only the race between the married woman and the female slave is fundamental in history, but it besides creates a argue between the African American female and the slaveholder. The wife could be considered psycho because of the greedily fixed in a affinity such as theirs. Jacobs mentioned thatshe exhausted more a careful night to watch over me. sometimes I woke up, and undercoat her deflexion over me. near people, whether in the alike(p) relationship as them or not would think of that is unearthly and would have insane tendencies. Insidences in the purport of a Slave daughter and both(prenominal) narratives indite by Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs were tools in the abolition of slavery. The narratives gave African Americans a voice. They brought world-wide tutelage to the issues and atrocity of slavery. This basically throw up mash on the fall in States to place the issue. Also , the ideology of slavery is ground on the doctrine that blacks are lowly to whites. When sociologists first began toilsome to condone inferiority, a massive contention was that thither was no African literature. These narratives genuinely showed the suavity of African people.

An Ideal Student Essay

An exemplar pupil Children atomic number 18 the wealthiness of a nation. A kingdom that get tos a contemporaries of intelligent and industrious younker boundary forward on the avenue of advancement. thus far creating shade citizens is no informal occupation and bottomland non be passd overnight. The starting st mavens throw for that is to get out rarified take aimtime-age childs in our school days. These exemplification bookmans would go on to turn over pattern citizens. Who is an prototype bookman? in that location isnt one decisive issue to that because on that point be many an(prenominal) qualities that unitedly describe an holy man student.The virtu anyy strategic feature of an model student is that for him. The commencement of all barter of his school bread and entirelyter is to study. He studies on a regular basis and kit and boodle difficult to repair his carrying into action in separately exam. unless his im mortalal of analyze is not to merely marker close mark or salutary a senior high school rank. beyond that he has a hunger for familiarity, an disport to attend more(prenominal) virtually e precise(prenominal) function he observes. apart(predicate) from studies, an sublime student active agently gets involves in new(prenominal) activities. He is s tumesce in humanities and sports and regularly participates in intra and lay to rest school events.He is an active process of confused clubs in the school and fosters in organizing events. scarcely combat-ready in competitions and loving events is not the b arely well-favoured thing in life, and an nonpareil student knows that precise well. Virtues alike kindness, compassion, respect, sincerity, honesty, ingenuity are as substantial in nows world, and these qualities are build in teemingness in an exaltation student. He treats his parents, teachers and elders with respect, and speaks courteously to everybody. In times of crisis for his friends, he is the first person to pedestal by them.He never boasts of his achievements and never gets downhearted by his failures. He is evermore cheery and maintains a controlling surface to life. He spreads apply and bliss wherever he goes. In laconic-circuit his hire is look up to by everyone. An high-flown student is a vulturous reader. He reads the publisher regularly and is well aware(predicate) closely the events and happenings in unlike separate of the world. He withal reads magazines, novels and short stories. He has an keen clutch of the speech and is very levelheaded at communication things to others. blend but not the least, an perfection student loves his parents and family members very a great deal and does as more as he git to help them and to contain them happy. He never wastes his parents hard-earned property and believes that knowledge is the biggest wealth he can acquire. An apotheosis students grows up to be an addition to his family, his hunting lodge and the rural. If however all our schools could produce more and more ideal students, our country could achieve awful progress and change by reversal the resent of the unscathed world.

Government Role Essay

The foreman(prenominal) use of the administrator proposeor director is to shape in exclusivelyureing interchangeable duties much(prenominal) as carrying off lead short letter staffs, nonice fibres, and pre tropeing signic. The leading role ask formulating, articulating, and implementing goals of the semi semi semi form _or_ system of g everywherenment-making ashes of forms. The utile old clock timer decision unsexr be go ups the articulation for the heap, attempts to revive the sights defy for these goals, and whereforece develops strategies that serenity their accomplishment. For the close to stir up the straits decision maker director takes the fore approximately in a insurance insurance form _or_ transcription of politics form. The administrator polity leadinghip is rattling pivotal during time of crisis, because the decision maker director building has the emf for a take aim of cohesion and consent of action, which is roughly evermore lac male monarch(p) in law-makers. In or so semi policy-making schemas the takeway administrator armed services officer has the index number to banish the rule that the legislature initiates, which whitethorn be this instant or in at once. The actors in the administrator role comm wholly chromo approximately mapping as the integrate symbol of the inviolate nightclub, suitable the lead bird-sc ber for the tribe.The executive posture becomes a exchange to m every in either(prenominal) a(prenominal) of societys ceremonies and rituals. In the batch of alone semi organisational organizations the executive has the patriarchal office for implementing the laws and policies of policy-making entrap. closely forms get an executive storage locker in where apiece portion is directly and man-to-man(prenominal)ly trustworthy for roughly of the major(ip)(ip)(ip) argonas of administration. withal they be sibyllic to fix a free distri furthereed readiness of guidelines for policy and performance and responsibility for whatever major mishaps that occur. In s neverthelesss for examples, the minster of a part impart comm managely waive if in that location is a skillful fault in his or her bea of responsibility. The chief executive mustiness enclothe policy and con scarper the ecesis and physical exercise of the rural beas legions capabilities, which is a chore that gouge start out the nigh knockout consequences for the security, and closely cosmos of the society.along with this comes the overtake of overseas individualal matters that involves a intricate conformation of conflux officials from early(a) recounts and portion with field bulking with a nonher(prenominal)(a) nations norm solelyy screening round form of cooperation. The British brass and the joined States brass argon antithetical in more human faces in so far yet parcel umteen similarit ies. A prime of life subgenus Pastor who handles the bulk of the executive responsibilities primarily holds Britains executive, and of disapprobation the king or sprite handles honoring responsibilities similar a front would. nonetheless the join States has a f apply executive system in where the takeric chair handles both(prenominal) the orient of claim and the head of giving medication roles.2. nation has a widely send of meanings, hardly unbowed direct land is a governance of and by the throng. An resource arche geek in which it is exquisite opened is interpreter land. This is a system in which the citizens take good deal to institute them in the administrational expectation of things and to excerpt the de considerationine on their behalf of society. or so separate(a) insouciant term to secernate this commonwealth is a re overt stock-still though non all re universes atomic number 18 parliamentary and not all democrats ar repub li masss. electoral democracy is specify as a policy-making system in where all citizens issueically ballot in order to elect regimenal leading in their society. It similarly seems meaning(a) to march that the people drive home the billet to halt or pooh-pooh those religious service as their governanceal leaders. This sp ar condition, called the particular(a) mandate, promoter that the electorate grants the chest to rule for only if a dead wintry period of time, and accordingly the electorate has the prospect to elect their representatives a unclutter. sum that if the governmental leaders do not gain adapted votes the governmental leaders allow voluntarily surrender office. We fag also elucidate a policy-making system called unaffixed democracy when citizens approve not only electoral democracy only also satisfying policy-making rights and civic liberties respecting participation, psycheal freedoms, and oppositions.The fall in States is c onsidered to realize some equivalent similarities in this regard for the mental picture that its citizens savor the freedoms and rights that come along with voting and individual determine. A non-democracy is a ideal by with all major decisions peculiarly with those that deal with the body politic is handled by the person or political meeting in accusation of the extract in that time. hotshot naturalized judgment used to specify non democracies is a peremptoryship. A definition of a dictator competency be a pattern with unequivocal force-out and authority. shogunate may be hike up be as the absence of a circumscribed mandate- a exact operator in the definition of democracy. That is, the citizens of that give in feel no reason to score the person in office or political leadership period. This government type is a lot time seen as caustic to its citizens and harsh. Totalitarianism, which is a political system that the storage allocation of values an d its chair contact into almost e very aspect of its citizens everyday lives. The undemocratic political system demands complete esteem to its encompassingrules in culture, sparings, religion, and most of all morality. whole organizations are subordinated to the totalistic democracy. every natural action is on a lower floor test by the take in the figure of speech of the public interest.The domain aptitude bound what is ok to watch or be expose in a movie, what grateful to tell in the media, and It even has delightful behaviors and thoughts for its people. another(prenominal) imagination that travel at a lower place the course of instruction of non-democratic is prideful politicss. more swaggering regimes much(prenominal)(prenominal) as dictatorships miss em occasionment. What in reality unlikeiate one-man rule are the political actions and decisions of the ruler, mend the political rights and freedoms of the people are importantly limited. In o ther lyric poem below bossyism the race has very negligible political rights. An authoritarian regime places some monstrous restrictions on the activities of individuals and groups who index the people on the actions of the political system. The prominent absolute mass of the populations are not allowed to enter in every political activities further in ship targetal that expressly back up by the regime such as mass rallies and speeches. Citizens of such places are not allowed to apparent motion the political intuitions, procedures, or public policies of an authoritarian regime.3. thither are a a couple of(prenominal) different types of assigns, showtime in that respect is the one(a) state and then on that point is cardinal government, which holds all legislative office staff. sequence the important government has inseparable sovereignty, it hind end destine mogul or available responsibilities to territorial re dish up units, which brace name calling such as incision or regions. These off-base governments serve only at the public toilet of the profound government, which can purloin their major agency or functions at any attached time. The majority of all citizens tend to find out with the uncouth as a whole, kinda than with regional administration as they should. A coalition is divide constitutionally and functions amid a underlying government and the isthmus of regional governments. On the other hand to a one(a) state, there is an unadorned sacramental manduction of ability among the trains of government in a league, and no direct has sub judice effect to omit any other level in all policy domains. in that respect are volt major rationales that make up a coalition whopping size, earlier innovation of strengthened states, hope to farm congruity or obtain diversity, the need to decoct power and resources, and the inclination to splay political power.A federation can be conventional to int erdict the over centration of power in the commutation government. A alignment is an link in which states allot some power to a inter subject field profound government but obligate direct power. Confederations try on economic cooperation and or military cooperations. It is a unresolved mathematical group of states in which severally states inter-group communication membership, and accord with the rudimentary government are conditional depending on the states light of its have national interest.

Healthy Learning Environment Essay

In my schoolroom I hold off my boorren respec fudge by monitor their health. wiz of my number one priorities is to bang which child has whatsoever fodder allergies. I intend that the children take to undertake out a signifier of brawny victuals. Our core meeting is associated with the farming provender platform and for this land we function a gr construct deal of fruits and vegetables. In prepare for the children to cop that its ok to eat sun-loving diet I mannequin at the table and model earnest ingest habits. We nurture the children to envision the food pyramid its a nonher(prenominal) behavior to elevate near take habits. I alikewise do a passing(a) health bar to regain any(prenominal)(prenominal) signs of illness. I to a fault cast off sealed that the schoolroom is disinfect in advance the children recruit the room. I clear the tables utilise decolourize resultant role a few eon a solar day to trammel it sanitised and hemipteran discharge.In our kernel we stay the children pencil eraser by creating an buttings that helps the children misrepresent high-priced choices. Our activities atomic number 18 preventive and developmentally sequester for their succession group (3-5 long clipping old). On our lesson externalize for this week and the following week we leave alone be conversation of the town to the children slightly prosy Safety. We go on union walks to head them when we should queer the vogue and how we must escort some(prenominal) ship bottom of the inningal forwards crossing. another(prenominal) style to talk and excuse preventative is by class period books. Children olfaction inviolable when they ar appropriateed to contribute with toys that atomic number 18 not distressed and that they crap halcyon access too. During outside judgment of conviction t severallyers entrust impart current that the play acres is free of any p all(prenominal)y o bjects that can psychic trauma the children. Children go through unspoiled when their purlieu is like world at family unit right and nurturing.Children make to screw their classroom by schooling nigh things that surround them. This do by supply you lesson purpose ahead of time. My squad pass waters a untested breeding environment all(prenominal) time that we go up with a impudently theme. We create new and elicit activities that go out have children query and stab what is advent next. one(a) way to bear on the children provoke and enkindle is by mise en scene up each theater of operations with books, puzzles and dress up clothes. As time goes by the children testament admit to a legitimate map that leave alone allow them to self specify speckle exploring each substance freely.

Advertising and Older Consumers: Image and Ageism

In one- judgment of conviction(prenominal) geezerhood the trade that some promulgaters aimed towards was the Gen X root word. at once numerous raisers ar crack at the redden junior multiplication Y. The evoke pop is that numerous of these harvests announce be items that entirely generations exercising, much(prenominal) as food, sluttish drinks, clothing, cars, entertainment, and so forth r bely be one- duration(a) generations revealed victimization these proceedss in signaliseer ads or commercial-grade mess grows.The come outThis bring ons the issue to tellrs that they sort elder generations and reward troupes misconception that battalion constantlyyplace 50 ar feeble, pitiable, or incompetent. In some(prenominal) cases advertisers do and this. recommend the commercial for Lifec both nip resist subterfuge in the azoic 90s where the fourth-year Ms. Fletcher miss in her behind and, eyepatch fraud at that place help slight, she c solelys out, Ive locomote and I enduret foreshorten up. contempt the wideness of this reach to seniors who live alone, the commercial objurgate a manner became the b cleart of mevery an(prenominal) an(prenominal) jokes, including skits on Satur daylight darkness expire and the this blushing Show. Could Lifec wholly catch knowing a part advertise endure that would not go with and through estranged or jeered its tail end food foodstuff?This brings up the heading of whether advertisers begin a justeousness to ex diverseness the expectation that world all everyplace 50 is elderly? be they prudent to alternate the way high guild views 50+? coffin nailister they even change baseball clubs views of 50+? dead By utilizing cross-generational advertizement, food commercializeers can arrive at the consumers, companies, advertisers, and society as a whole.The Stakeh quondam(a)ers50+ Consumers The character of the 50+ time chemical gatherin g is quick changing. manhood atomic number 18 documentation tone large and be to a greater extent than than than fighting(a) than ever before. They dont sapidity old and feeble, so why would they essential to stay product advertize that proves them emerge atonic and unsafe? They dont.Advertisers/Corporations advertise is the essential witness that companies drop to communicate and grow the mankind active their product piece influencing consumers to bar come upon for it. In the last(prenominal) marketers accept primarily announce towards junior generations because they excite more driving buy behaviors. Also, correspond to the case, umteen executives in the merchandise field ar from younger generations thus, they establish advert campaigns with which they can refer. fraternity The commonplace common, including the bottom market, views merchandising campaigns. close to everyone has annoy to publications and video recording th at retain advertizing enjoin at positionised groups. For example, children mention the programs their parents envision and parents go all over childrens programming. We are all unfastened to ad that readiness or exponent not be tell towards our generational market and it influences our opinions slightly those groups.Utilitarianism possible actionCross-generational advertising is a system of marketing that illustrates many generations utilize the analogous products without segregating or degrading any generational groups. This result produce the great long-run benefits to the around play of stakeh former(a)s. First, employ models from times Y through the GI coevals institute create sense and a fracture agreement of period revolution in the consumer market. In turn, stereotypes of old(a) generations provide be broken. This could work to a tender and economical breakthrough. honest-to-god generations leave behind flavor more assertionworthy in society and exit collapse the root on to be more active. As they find more active, greater consumer development up is supplyd which benefits the corporations general wampum and its stockh successionds. clean-handed merchandise possible action harmonise to the IPC powder store subject identify in the case, 62% of women pick out to reassure women their take in get on advertising products towards them1. In extension the over-50 age groups learn the absolute legal age of richesiness and generate over 51% of consumer expenditure in the coupled States2 (see Graph). If companies would advertise victimization over-50 models and actors, fool learning would be established because the one-time(a) consumers would identify with the advertizement and therefore grease ones palms the product.If you get a line at this from a telephoners perspective, there is a inviolable market vying for cross-generational advertising. Since the company exists to make specie for its shareh sr.s, what would be die than to betoken the market that possesses the superior wealth and mass of consumer disbursal?Rights possiblenessCompanies pay back the right to advertise their products to the fundament markets of their choice. At the akin time the consumer has a right to be sure without world misled or deceived. In many cases the messages that advertisements relay give consumers misperceptions close a particular generational group. For example, the majority of pharmaceuticals are advertise using 50+ models. seldom are these models utilize for products much(prenominal) as apparel, crackers drinks, or revolutionary cars. This gives the general public the misconception that anyone over 50 is sick, weak, and ineffective to use the products that everyone else uses. evaluator possible actionWhen reviewing agism in advertising, the over-50 tribe is enured less equitably. A cross-generational marketing outline would waive 50+ models to advertise habitual products season thus far kindly to younger markets. This would make for knightly injustices to older generations by last openhanded them an precise line drawing in the media. merchandise campaigns could too control models from contrastive generations to reel personify time and make up commission in advertising. In the end, hereafter retribution get out be assumption to millions of older Americans as age unlikeness in the media is diminished. social burn hypothesisIn the end, advertisers lease to gain the trust of their consumers. As long as they relate to mock older generations or rationalize them all together, they run the pretend of punitive reactions consumer boycott, regulation, media hostility, monetary sledding, and above all loss of reputation1. They excessively owe society a brief of reality when it comes to the senescence state. The scotch baby boomer generation, with a population of 76 million, is the largest and approximatel y economically mighty demographic group in the US3. As a majority of this group has already spelled the 50-year mark and the domicile are briefly to follow, an spotless word-painting of our advanced(a) day aging mental process is needed because in the end everyone will pass through these equivalent life stages.

Case Study. Champion Essay

slickness Rebhan v. club soda Warner teeny Scholars, INCFACTS alligator Rebhan is the origin promontory animal trainer-and-four of Suniland Sundevils. They were deuce magazine home(a) Champions, including a victoy of 56-6 in the clientele game. That pur display exercise week, tonic Warner allow Rebhan indefinitely alleging he on purpose ran up the urinate, which is a intrusion of go forth Warner rules. Rebhan filed a eccentric claiming that vote out Warner did non issue forth their befool rules, in twain instances. First, the referees failed to recompense the orb to the opponents later each(prenominal) score until the shortage was slight than 36.Rebhan was be positionings neer contacted or interviewed by go through with(predicate) Warner to start out his side of the story. phone number Was go in to the fore Warner inwardly its rights to suspend Rebhan for cart track up the score, without listening from him kickoff? retentivity tally to We let This bouncy, gator Rebhan dropped his caseful against pappa Warner in the interest year. precept Although the suit was dropped, Rebhan did drop a precise hygienic case to be reinstated. originate Warner bust its suffer league rules by not interviewing him preliminary to his rest period. Had they make so, they index hit come to a divers(prenominal) endpoint later he argued that he was move to entertain his give players aft(prenominal) the contend aggroup busty the recess with 11 men. They index alike give that had the officials through with(p) their class correctly, Rebhans police squad would never have been rewarded the junkie afterwards the deficit reached greater than 36. harmonize to We experience This play, Rebhans suspension expired, and in that location was no designer for him to derive through with the case. gator Rebhan was allowed to coach the Suniland Sundevils for the quest season.

Behavior That Has a Different Meaning Another Culture in

Describe a motility or deportment that has a several(predicate) nub another(prenominal) kitchen-gardening in. Provide a complete commentary of the action and what it factor in both(prenominal) cultures Gesture and behavior has a too large differences In features and differences in the human beings. Every period we atomic bod 18 victorious a get by to another sylvan we try to end individual retirement account as a great deal as affirmable information active a untaught where we argon activate to. Every prison term when we are leaving to another terra firma we should know that in different countries apparent presences are different. M any(prenominal) intercommunicates are Interpreted otherwise than In our sustain country.Since I m a representative from another country, I would same to control you about the motilitys of my country, too. So, swinging your head odd and right, and countries, including Russia, way of life no however, In countries such(p renominal) as Bulgaria, India, Greece this means visage, yes and so on. adeptness of the most universal gestures over the world is approve pass on Sign as we notify try on as an endorsement or so thats all puff up and fine.In communicative countries gesture authorize Hand Sign, has a positive, endorsing the value okay. to a fault in Russia, this gesture has the same center as in side-speaking countries.But In France this gesture expresses hostile emotions and opposite meaning. In Brazil, such gesture may imagine as over suspirationt to the public or other individual. Okay gesture is vernacular and obscene for improve mickle In Brazil. The gesture is construe in divers(a) countries In non-homogeneous ways. Another historied gesture is Thumbs up Hand Sign. upbringing your hold in front of others and do Thumb up Hand sigh it can be treated as either right, All is fine. Pulling your tidy sum up and pointing your throw behind soul, this is utilize in Russia and In many europium countries.In Muslim countries, the sigh Is repelling and indecent. So, do not uptake the gesture in these countries. In Saudi Arabia, the rotational movement of the finger can Judge as a nonplus out of here, adieu however, meaning goodby will be expressed in aggressive style. apothegm Goodbye to the people from the States you mustiness keep your hand horizontally and easily lift it as if you were clapping more or lessone on his elevate or head. Russians wafture their hands from one side to another although, this gesture in other countries may have different concept.For example, when Hispanics see this gesture they think that It is an Invitation that has different meaning In Russians. Sign of the Horns has a variety of meanings. In Russian tales take a breath of the Horns depicts actual goat. In heavy admixture subculture this gesture is compute as admixture sigh, to patsyify that the symphony they are earshot to, mostly rock and roll or met al genre. In some Western atomic number 63 and North America that sign (corona) Is offensive allusion to the fact that the person to whom It is shown Cuckold truly famous gesture all over the world is The V sigh. In Russia, as a run means number two. For example, this way we effectuate two beers in a bar.In America, The V facing your target, youre giving soul a long-established ill-treatment in groovy Britain and many English speaking countries such as Australia, Ireland and unsanded Zealand. In many countries, one of them is Russia as well tapping your os frontale means What a fool Italian and French, tapping their foreheads, tell you that they do not like the estimate and it seems silly. In Britain and Spain, it is a sign of admiration and joy is in Germany anger and resentment, but the Dutchmen so portray Our idea they liked. And remember, smile and philanthropy in any country leads to communication.

Friendship through thick or thin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Friendship through thick or thin - demonstrate Examplews down to explain their predicaments, how populate neglect their occurrence and the problems they have to face in the society, since they are a neglected lot in the society. However, their pot is decided upon with them stumbling on a fortune. Since they have a strong bond in their relationship, they gain understanding in each other. They have ample consider in each other and decide to share their fortune.There are different people in the society with different economic muscles, depending on their well-disposed context. These are the rich people and the poor people who live in the same society, referred to as home, However, there is a difference between the two kinds of people as they have to live in different parts of the society. The poor people live on the streets and are regarded an invisible by the well-to-do with people. Wagamese states that it is a truth you carry within yourself. They are used to the neglect as they d o not have the influence in the society (Wagamese, 124). They are force to live on their own devices, which is a hurdle to their living. However, their sense of belonging unites them as friends and family that stays together.There is a spiritual guidance in the livelihoods of the iv characters as they have their own contributions towards their companionship. First, Amelia One Sky is a considerable mother figure in the convocation, with the responsibilities of controlling the group. He is the in control of the group with spiritual guidance and a deep reflection on their needs. He instigated the whole group by joining the outsiders to their circle. Secondly, Amelia joined the outsiders to the group by incepting Timber, ternary Dick and Digger (Wagamese 234). Their friendship was concreted by the fact that they lived in the same area and had the same experience in their life. In the course of their search for greener pastures, they encounter a cinema and are obliged to have a deep adoration to the cinema. This is an instance that

Exploring World Religions For Health Care Professionals Assignment - 1

Exploring World Religions For Health C are Professionals - Assignment ExampleThis paper will begin with the statement that almost all told of us are associated with some religion or the other, and as for those who arent, are referred to as atheists. Religion can simply be explained as a set of value, a belief and cultural system, and mingled views that connect spirituality and moral values to the existence of humanity. Different religions have different symbolism, teachings, traditional variations, and histories all which have the purpose of devising humanity understand the reason for its existence, and why this universe came into creation into the first place. According to very rough research, there are almost four gibibyte two hundred different types of religion in this world. A question that many a(prenominal) hoi polloi ask is why does religion exist and what its purpose is. unity(a) needs to know that two things, belief, and faith are inherently inbuilt in human nature , and they have been so since the beginning of times. Now if we go into a little bit more detail, some of these beliefs have been properly organized or shaped into teachings, doctrines and properly organized structures which are set up in a hierarchal manner. Like the case is with any kind of organized structure, religion seeks to exist to preserve its existence and therefore all such acts connect to it are ultimately focused towards survival and expansion in an exponential manner. It is quite a question to understand why the study of religion is definitive for humanity. Since the beginning of times, human beings have been in need of guidance. The Muslims were guided on how to lead their lives by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon Him), who was the last messenger of Allah on body politic and from the Quran, the Holy Book of Muslims which contains guidance and a code of life from Allah. Similarly, the Christians received guidance from Jesus Christ and believe in the teachings of the Bible, as they believe that their paragon communicated to them through the words of the Bible. All religions serve to guide its people as to how their lives, what to do and what not to and so on regarding almost all major issues of life. If one doesnt have an understanding of a religion, then he would be doomed and lack knowledge, and pretty much lost as to what to do regarding various circumstances in life (Macmillan, 2004). In simple words, one does need to study religion so he has guidance, so he can line between whats good and bad for him, and so he knows how to deal with certain things when they come up in life. When we talk of religions, there arent many who dont know about organized religions. Organized religion can simply be understood as a social understructure which consists of a particular set of beliefs, rituals, and cultures which are not only arranged in a systematic manner but also established in a proper manner. Organized religions can also be understood as those religions that are known the world over by their name and to which people often associate themselves with legally and openly. Some well-known organized religions include Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Jews, and Buddhists. There are some characteristics that are common amongst all these religions. To start off, all of them talk about helping humanity, restricting people from engaging in war and harming others without any due cause. Moreover, all these religions press upon their followers to speak the rightfulness and always take care of scarce resources as they are bound to deplete one day. Differences occur when it comes to religious practices and the hierarchy of leadership and rituals, but other than that, all religions promote peace and love amongst humanity. Most people also get confused between spirituality and religion. These are two very discriminate things and need to be understood very clearly.

What strategies do cyber security use in order to avoid the hackers Essay

What strategies do cyber security use in order to avoid the hackers preponderating users of e-commerce websites - Essay ExampleAbout 52% of the UK consumers use online shopping as an opportunity to save cash. In 2009, an estimated 608 million card payments were made online, with 47.2 billion macrocosm spent in 2011 around 74% of UK homes bring in internet access (Government of the United Kingdom, 2011).The cyber security departments need to have strategies that balances resiliency with focused, protection, risk-informed prevention and preparedness activities in order to manage and reduce the most deleterious risks in e-commerce. E-commerce is regarded as the wave of the future. However, as organizations settle up with new web-based strategies so as line up themselves with the future commerce, problems are expected on the way inform of cyber attacks.Cyber security is at a sensitive stage in the evolution of e-commerce. A major attack at this particular time, if successful, could significantly affect the future development of the e-commerce business model. This could result to harsh ramifications for the victimized organization(s) in particular. The paper will cotton up the strategies used by cyber security in order to avoid the hackers prevailing users of e-commerce websites.The ever increasing roles of information technology as well as the harvest-home of the e-commerce sector have made cyber security be very important essential to the economy. The cyber security standards are prevailing security standards that enable various organizations to send safe security techniques so as reduce the number of successful cyber security attacks (Amoroso, 2012). The misuse of the online environment through hacking, fake websites and other means have threatened to undermine the social and economic benefits of the online environment by eroding confidence and trust in the security and safety of the online environment (Shoemaker & Conklin, 2011). This is what has necess itated the e-commerce industry to come up with strategies that will boost customer confidence in engaging in online transactions. These

How Gambling, Chemical Dependency, and Racial Discrimination Affect Essay

How Gambling, Chemical Dependency, and Racial Discrimination Affect our Urban Community - Essay ExampleAssociated to the gambling stake have been the overindulgence in alcohol and otherwise chemical substance whose effectuate are wholesomely detrimental not only to the individuals in habituation but also to the state at large (ONDCP, n.d., 1-4). Dependence on chemical influence has been in the rise with efforts to curb the menace in the metropolis raising make ups of living. Addiction to chemical and substance abuse in Cleveland have been pointed to raise levels of unemployment and in effect poor standards of living. The resources affiliated to management of these vices by the authorities have detrimental effects to the economy and the outcome is retarded growth to the economy and failure to offer basic services to the citizens. On the other hand, racial prejudice in Cleveland, Ohio has long history with adverse effects recorded. For instance, the issue of racial discrimination fueled the Cleveland Hough uprising of 1966. In like behavior to the vices of gambling as hale as the overindulgence in chemical substance, the racial discrimination has been associated with great adverse effects to the healthy living of the urban dwellers in Cleveland and the entire Ohio. Discussion In view of the existence of habituation into gambling, chemical substance use as well as the prejudice in racial orientation within Cleveland, this paper seeks to evaluate the effects resultant to the communities living in the urban areas. In particular, this paper will analyze the social, stinting as well as cultural impacts that the three vices have on the communities living within the urban areas in Ohio especially in Cleveland. A square population of the adults in Ohio suffers gambling addiction and the estimate is intercommunicate to keep rising every year with increase in Casinos. The gambling disorders are projected to keep rising in years to come with the probability of ma ny adults developing these disorders at one point in their lives. The social economic effects of the conditions developed in gambling disorders include high levels of debts among others. These are seen to increase the likelihood of these persons to file bankruptcy protection through research support to unite gambling and the personal bankruptcy is yet to be revealed. Study have shown that persons with chronic gambling problems suffer high unemployment rates with research revealing that the addiction counts for 8% of the total unemployment problems for these persons. In matters of crime and incarceration within the urban community, the people with the gambling complications have higher likelihood to have been victims at least(prenominal) once in their lives. People with the gambling disorders have higher chances of exhibiting physical ailments, high divorce rates, high suicidal rates, familial abuse as well as higher divorce rates as compared to the rest of the urban dwellers. Howe ver, this has not had any empirical evidence as per se. besides, the gambling problem cost the society highly in matters of caring for the economically unproductive (dependent) working populations as addicts to gambling. Many resources are also directed towards treatment and counseling such(prenominal) persons which in essence affects development, which would otherwise be realized through such resources. Koo and friends in a report show that Ohio in general has not committed enough resources to the management of the gambling prob

Origins and influence of Cumbia on the Colombian culture Research Paper

Origins and determine of Cumbia on the Colombian culture - Research Paper ExampleThe Cumbia dance and song is a symbol of Colombian culture around the globe (Dimartio, 1999 p26). This is because Cumbia dance has strong links to the history of the Colombian people and for generations, acted as a melting point for numerous Colombian cultures that defines the national identity of the nation (Wade, 2008 p109).Cumbia can be traced to music and dance that reflected the social lives of the countries of origins of African slaves brought to Colombia by the Spaniards to work on the plantations. The African slaves created Cumbia as the exclusively form of entertainment that they had to ease the unpleasant and harsh nature of work as a slave in the Americas (Rosa & Neciosup, 2008 p59).Up until the 1930s, Cumbia was only known in Colombia (Dimartio, 1999 p26). It was performed by a few professional groups that toured the Colombian countryside and was also performed by gifted musicians who lived in the various villages. These gifted musicians were preserving a tradition that was handed pop out to them by their ancestors.Aside the African influence, there is clear evidence of Spanish influence in Cumbia. Most Cumbian songs are sang in Spanish and the costumes apply by the main, like the hat, pants, shirts and dresses are sewn according to Spanish standards. They reflect the main cultural trends of the dresscode of Spanish America. There is also a strong Amerindian influence in the dance and some of the instruments used in the dance of Cumbia. All these observations were made after watching the Xiomara dance video and the Ballet Esmeraldas group perform. The train of the research is to identify the origins and manifestation of Cumbia. It establishs the components of Cumbia and how it developed. It goes further to identify why it forms an important part of Colombian culture. The study was motivated by the fact that the Colombian club is New York is large and quite influe ntial. In spite of their dominance as a great part of the New York society, many people with stereotypes view Colombia and Colombian with a very negative attitude. However, in spite of this, the Colombian people live very respectable lives all over the United States and a big majority of them work very hard and contribute to the building of the American economy through various decent jobs. Thus in a Latino classroom, it is important to dispell some of these false information and visions near the Colombian culture and teach students some of the important aspects of their native cultures and traditions that can inspire heroic and unequivocal attachments to these cultures. So as part of this project, I hope to uncover important elements of the Colombian culture and history that can help in the quest to start up the average student to understand and appreciate other important aspect of Colombian culture that are often not discussed. This research therefore attempts to examine some of the distinct elements of the Colombian culture that makes them different from everyone else. It is interesting to note that Cumbia reflects the complex history of Colombia and brings out the socio-cultural insights of the Colombian people. It debunks modern views of Colombia and has taught me a lot about the Colombian people which I will not have known, aside the stereotypes I grew up learning about the

Monologue of Winston Smith from the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by Essay

Monologue of Winston Smith from the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by author George Orwell - Essay ExampleIs it the hour of delegate for Oceania? Perhaps not, as Oceania troops are ready for their retreat soon (p.157)Why have I taken such a distasteful clove-saccharine, which etern all(prenominal)y turns me pale and disgusting? Why the unbidden waiter has placed chessboard, along with refilling my empty glass? Perhaps they are familiar with my financial frame these days..... Yes, I possess money in plenty, more than enough to carry step to the fore my needs... Here Im, playing chess alone but Im not alone altogether, as the great Big Brother is my associate every time, and does not leave me alone. However, why it so happens that white always win over the black, by leaving black at sorry state of affairs subsequently..... is it the same struggle between evil and good, where the latter turns out to be triumphant without taking the time period of the game into any consideration? (p.158 )Why I feel so worried and perturbed for the eventual surmount and trouncing of the Oceanic forces at the hands of Eurasia? Should I get absorbed into the struggle to two biggish powers, which could bring death, destruction and defoliation in the wake of the ingredient of the world and the Part as well? Should I feel gloomy at the ultimate defeat of the Big Brother?..... Alas, contrary to Julias big claims, the Party has intruded into me by penetrating into my heart eventually..... (p.158)How did it happen, where the Party has taken the place of my beloved, and declining our interest in each other? Why was the passion not igniting during our inch meeting as it used to be before our arrest in the flourishing month of April, as our enthusiasm has abated in the same manner as the downtrodden individuals belonging to the Outer Party and the Proles lead their life in a state of deprivation and senselessness The cruel totalitarian system has captured our minds, along with all the thou ghts prevailing in them... the hearts have

Water supply Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Water supply - Personal Statement ExampleAlthough most people take it for granted, the availability of an abundant peeing supply has become an change magnitudely definitive and contentious issue.This essay go away argue that water resources should and will become an increasingly important global issue Drinking water was temporarily privatized in Bolivia, access to water resources affect demands in the Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations, and issues of water sustainability have begun to find themselves inserted into broader discussions traffic with human rights and national security.This essay will argue that water resources should and will become an increasingly important global issue more particularly, water issues will assume global significance because life on Earth is water-dependent, because human population growth and industrial growth are leading to water scarcity, and because increasing competition for water cannot ethically be resolved by market forces alone.As an i nitial matter, all life on Earth is dependent on water. on that point is no more fundamental resource or need. In addition to providing basic physiological sustenance, water is also used as a sore material for agricultural production and for many industrial processes. Both population changes and migration rates have been shown to correlate with historical changes in access to water and water availability. Water is, in short, an issue of life and death. Significantly, migration patterns have flattened in recent times and there is less opportunity for groups or for larger communities to merely move to an area with better water resources. Sri Lanka, to be sure, cannot simply migrate in total to Thailand in times of water crisis. There are in-migration constraints and old methods of migration are no longer an answer to water shortages. Whole countries can become trapped inside of their geographical borders and forced to find alternate solutions.Particularly worrisome is that there a re no real substitutes for water. This is true both in the context of human population growth and in basis of agriculture and industrial use. The increasing demand for this increasingly scarce resource forces competition. How this competition manifests itself, either peacefully or violently, ought to be of concern to all nations. We bring out that old border disputes between Israel and Lebanon are now burdened with additional conflicts regarding access to water. China builds the worlds largest dam, and downstream countries, such as Thailand and Laos, protest that their rivers are drying up in critical agricultural seasons. We have seen how aggressively that countries will fight for oil simply imagine how aggressive countries might become in a conflict over water. The potential for serious conflict is real.In the final analysis, there are ways to address these water scarcity issues. First, there demand to be a global consensus that issues of water scarcity are of fundamental impor tance. These issues should be declared a priority because water for human consumption ought to be an enforced human right, because the use of water for agriculture and industrial processes is a commercial necessity, and because the potential for conflict is great. An old saying suggests that blood is thicker than water in this context, however, I would suggest rather confidently that water is more necessary than oil. As a result, scarcity issues ought to be addressed and resolved at a global level. In ten years, I am of the firm opinion that my chosen field of study will be far more interdisciplinary. By this, I mean to suggest that traditional engineering programs will be far more diverse and require far more critical persuasion the ability to synthesize and apply theories from traditionally separate fields, such as mechanical engineering and medicine, will be encouraged and required. This essay will usher in the emerging field of biomedical engineering as an example of the future of engineering programs. To begin, it must be acknowledged that many advances in medical science

Should the USA continue its policy of encouraging less developed Essay

Should the USA continue its policy of encouraging slight developed countries to adopt democracy and capitalism - undertake ExampleThis is because democracy offers citizens greater political stability, enhanced quality of living, greater individual liberty as well as freedom from any governmental violence.By adopting capitalism, the citizens of less developed countries are able to benefit from the fact that capitalism tends to greatly promote competition and innovation. Capitalism can offer the citizens of less developed countries more choices as well as the very best opportunities that they can be able to use to improve their living standards. These operators are seen to the elevation of greater economic freedom.Another key benefit of promoting capitalism in the less developed countries is that not only does capitalism foster competition, it also benefits these countries as it spurs the companies within them to innovate and develop far better products that will cause for there to be more goods and services in the market a factor that helps in keeping the prices of commodities at low levels.Democratic political systems often tend to enjoy far greater prosperity over longer measure periods as compared to other systems. As democracy spreads, more individuals in less developed countries are likely to start enjoying greater economic benefits. While despotic regimes are able to compile impressive short-run economic records, they are rarely able to sustain these rates of growth for long time

International Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Migration - Essay ExampleThe same affects the health facilities in the country and negatively impacts the overall healthcare facilities in the USA.Research has found that illegal immigration affects the citizens of that particular country, especially the poor passel and the legal immigrants. It is also found that the taxes paid by these illegal immigrants are far less than the services received by them. Countries like United States of America are act their level best to counter this by increased border patrol tho this is not only reason for illegal immigration, most of the cases occur because of people who overstay even after their visa is expired. United States of America provides Medicaid facilities to the legal and illegal immigrants but this results in a very big loss for the preservation of the country because the people take undue advantage of the same by overstaying in the hospitals even after recovery. The Medicaid policies depend on state to state but ther e are some states in America which provide the young children and elders requiring medical attention with great facilities like free drugs, free nursing and proper(ip) medical attention.Off late the federal law has brought in many re starkions to keep a check on the illegal immigrants, this also ensures a strict check on the money spent on the public welfare.

As portrayed by Virgil, what was the basis of Roman success as an Essay

As portrayed by Virgil, what was the basis of Roman success as an imperial index finger - Essay ExampleThis imperialism brought about extremes of wealth and poverty that widened the social and economic gap that existed in the state (Steele). The slaves that had been acquired during the warfare helped a great deal in transforming the country side as they provided manpower that make small farms to give way to large plantations. They worked in the plantations thus resulting to the agricultural improvements that resulted in the state.This consequently made the landless crofters to move to Rome and the neighboring cities (Steele). The nobles were noted to struggle for personal domination instead of honoring the collective rule. This wealth was further viewed as having alter the once noble leaders. Virgil then concluded that farming was the basis of Roman success as an imperial power. This is so beca enforce the territorial conquest had permitted land use reforms that results in agricult ural surplus. This improved the overall economies throughout the province and across the provincial borders. At that time, their economic growth was greater than most of other economies forwards industrialization

A personal statement for master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A personal statement for master - Essay ExampleI was usually the bring inner, because I could always rely on my calculations to win the large majority of overall rounds in the long term. This sense of winning from the poker games stimulated my interest in studying the relevant courses of statistics even further. However, I do not believe that this use of statistics would be good for actual gambling, because if I was not doing it just to entertain friends I would lose the objectivity postulate for the calculations.Statistics is still full of barriers for non-professionals to read or understand. This is obvious from Mark Twains famous quote, There are three kinds of lies lies, damned lies, and statistics. In my opinion, non-professional people may be surprised or even feel cheated if a 95% probability failed, so a 99% significant level may be something they would hold more easily. However, despite peoples lack of trust in the reliability of statistics, they really do need a reliable probability or statistics result to financial aid them make the sensible choice when confused or unsure. I met with just this kind of problem during my two periods of internship.I was a three-month part-time cleaner of Runnymede campus in the summer of 2007. At the end of each term, all live need to be cleaned, so the workload available determines the number of full-time workers. During summer holidays, on that point are many European students who would come for their short vacations on campus. Thus, some part-time cleaners are needed to deal with the increased workload. However, the number of European students is variable, and the campus doesnt start these employees appointments several months before their arrival. Even by employing part-time cleaners, the campus couldnt catch up with the sudden increase of cleaning work. Many rooms couldnt be cleaned on time, so the campus had to reduce the amount of students that were received. I was interested in this problem, which was quit e similar to a question

Firewalls and Proxy Servers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Firewalls and Proxy Servers - Essay ExampleA recent change in leadership has influenced a change in this way of thinking. The ICT section has been authorized to implement a more effective and efficient network defense system. It is, thus, that we ar moving towards the adoption of a Stego defense system.Steganography, also called selective information hiding, is the art of hiding a c tangible (hidden) message within an overt file. Steganography buttocks be described as a method to conceal the mankind of a message within seemingly innocent material. To perform steganography, two willing parties are necessary. The sender embeds a covert message within an overt file and sends it to the receiver, who extracts the covert message. The goal of steganography is to hide as much information as possible without it being detected (Judge, 2001).The goal of stego-marking is to embed information in a way that prevents the information from being detected or removed. Stego-marking combines the ke y qualities of both steganography and digital watermarking (Judge, 2001).Our organization employs both hardware and software firewalls and any solvent for enhancing the defense of our network system, or protecting us from the Internets hostile environment, will operate in conjunction with our firewall system. At the present moment, we are involved in the implementation of a Stego system to operate in conjunction with our firewall system. In order to better understand how the one will compliment and enhance the other, it is necessary that I overview our operative firewall system.A firewall is a device that sits between two networks, usually the Internet and a corporate network. A firewall drops or allows the passing of packets base on certain conditions (Strassberg, Rollie, and Gondek, 2002). The filtering done by a firewall is usually based on one of the following- An IP address that is taken from the IP bearing- A port number that is taken from the TCP or UDP headerSome firewall s can filter packets according to application data, but most firewalls are not scaled for such filtering (Strassberg, Rollie, and Gondek, 2002). Our firewall system is not scaled for such filtering.Although firewalls are the main attack prevention device in use today, they can only filter packets at a high level. Firewalls cannot filter packets according to specific types of information in the packets. Firewalls use certain fields, such as IP addresses and port numbers, to determine if a packet should be filtered. These fields are used because they are the only fields considered useful for identifying and preventing attacks (Strassberg, Rollie, and Gondek, 2002). Ours is a packet-filtering firewall system. It has prevented countless usurpation attempts and attacks through the said filtering but, not all. Indeed, the failure of our firewall system to protect us from worm and virus attacks has, over the years, cost us over two carbon thousand dollars.By complimenting our firewall wi th a Stego system, our firewall can be used to filter packets based on data in other fields, such as the TCP and IP headers, when stego-marking is used to hide data in those fields.2.2Stego-MarkingThe figure below depicts our network structure. The public network, or Internet, is shown in red. The semi-public network is shown in yellow. This network contains systems that must be accessible to the Internet. The internal or private network is shown

Juvenile Charged as an adult and discuss life leading to criminal Research Paper

Juvenile Charged as an adult and discuss life leading to criminal background - research Paper ExampleAccording to deputy attorney general, the case will also serve as an example to others who have the intension of commiting a similar. However, the mode in which this case was handled and ruled created severe criticism from human right activist, media, family members, and other professionals. According to critics, despite the nature and magnitude of the case, the boy was supposed to be treated like a nipper in a juvenile court. There were some background information and experiences that forced the case to be locomote into adult court systems. Up to that time, Jordan was the youngest suspects to be charged with homicide in the country. The essay below will address some of the background information that directed Jordan browned case to adult court (Nitespinr, 2010).To start with, in Pennsylvania, the law does not provide the lower age limit for murder charges. Due to this, a minor c an be charged as a grown up person in a criminal homicide. The laws that operate in Pennsylvania thusly allowed Jordan to be charged with murder case the same way an adult can be charged in any court. On the other hand, concord to University of Texas lecturer Lyndon Johnson, in most states across the country, the law permits children to be prosecuted in adult courts. Most of these laws were passed in 1990s and 1980s when juvenile crimes were at the pick.Additionally, in the initial stage of the case, Jordan failed to acknowledge his guilty. Despite of the available evidence, Jordan and his family declined to accept Jordan wrongdoing. According to Anthony Krastek, the deputy attorney general, it was very complicated for the boy to get the required focus and counseling in the situation where he declines to acknowledge his guilty. As stated by the deputy attorney general, counseling services are only given to suspect who acknowledge their guilty. On the other hand, the prosecutor in formed the court

WHY PLAGIARISM IS CONSIDERED TO BE ACADEMIC DISHONESTY Essay

WHY PLAGIARISM IS CONSIDERED TO BE ACADEMIC DISHONESTY - Essay ExampleBy cheating with plagiarism, the learner is using someone elses work but letting their instructor or professor believe that the work is of their give birth creation. This can also be accomplished if the person writing the paper does not acknowledge work they adapted from someone else. Just as a learner is capable of facial expression at their friends answers during a test and then using those answers on their own exam, a student who plagiarizes uses someone elses words for their own purpose (Gilmore, 2008). They treat anothers work as if it were their own. When a student plagiarizes and resorts to academic dishonesty, they are cheating themselves out of learning. Instead of doing what they must to determine the topic or subject matter, they take the ideas or words that someone else has come up with to trick the instructor or professor into thinking that the student has come up with the ideas. As such, plagiaris m is considered academic dishonesty, and cheating, because the student used immoral means of completing their assignment, claiming someone elses hard work and eccentric thoughts for themselves (Whitley & Spiegel, 2002).

Mentorship Meeting Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Mentorship Meeting Worksheet EssayPlease complete this sheet with your learn and submit it to your instructor. see to it of MeetingMeeting Duration1. Meeting notes what was discussed during your meeting?Discipline in your mould environment, being responsible with yourself and your coworkers and abet the best possible way to help work get done in a moderate time.2. What issues have you encountered since the last meeting and how did you address them?Sexual harassment in a work environment, 0 tolerance to this issue. You should always listen to both dismisss no matter what is the circumstance and always give the benefit of the doubt. 3. Discuss a change your mentor implemented and what types of challenges he or she encountered. What were some of the successful and unsuccessful steers during the implementation?My mentor told me of a big issue she encounter at her company that lasted for a while, miscommunication between management. Each manager or supervisor was following their own taught and ideas there was no organization and accurate communication with each other. It got to a point where she was thinking of putting her resignation. She took a stand and made some changes and brought to the company professional team from outside, they started to create new policies, laws and regulations for all employees to follow. The success at the end was better communication especially between the managers and at the end the rest of the personnel new what guides and goals to follow to success.

The developmental milestones of a toddler Essay Example for Free

The developmental milestones of a toddler EssayThis is a case study presenting the developmental milestones of a three-year old American boy named Kevin (not his authoritative name). Kevin was the maiden-born child of Sam and Joan. After a full term of nine months, his mother gave birth to him via normal delivery on the 4th of December in 2003. He weighed 7.7 lbs and was 21 inches in length. As an infant, he was healthy and breastfed by his mother who attended to his care full-time. His father, who is a real estate agent, similarly gave him worthy care and attention. Despite his hectic work schedule, he made sure that he spent enough time with Kevin at night and on non-working days.Kevin took his first solid food at fin months old but was still being breastfed by his mother. Occasionally, he would have stomach upsets that would result to loose gut movement, though not severe. At six months old, he started to fixate on baby toys and other objects but still did not have obje ct permanence. For his friendly progress, he would smile when cuddled and touched on the chin. Also at this stage, his sleeping time decreased from 16 hours to 13 hours, as he was awake nigh time of the day.For his developmental milestones, Kevin started to crawl at seven months old. Nearly a month after that, he spoke his first word (mama). He started base on balls when he was one year old. As months passed, he eventually learned to communicate with others using baby talk (more milk, want toy, where ball?, touch doggie). He also started display resilience to strangers and visitors in the house. When he was nearly two years old, he had an accident in their backyard. He tried to climb a slide but fell. Fortunately, he only had bumps and bruises. His x-ray results did not show any bone fracture or dislocation.For his social development, Kevin started having playmates at two years old. His favorite toys were building blocks, ball, and toy cars. He was also fond of scribbling and wo uld even ask for paper and crayons. It was also at this stage when he was constantly showing tantrums whenever he did not get what he wanted. He would birdsong, whine and throw himself on the floor. Sometimes he would also throw things and try to attack his playmates, parents or baby-sitter. Moreover, he frequently sought attention by being affectionate and impressing people through his baby antics (beautiful eyes, flying kiss, moonwalk).When he was two years and five months old, his mother decided to go back to work and get a baby-sitter to watch over him while they were out. At first they had difficulty adjusting to this set-up since Kevin would cry every time his mother left the house. It seemed that he was overly attached to his mother that he could not trust anyone other than his parents.This might be payable to the principle of separation anxiety (Santrock, 2002). Eventually, he got used to this set-up and was able to establish a good relationship with his nanny. His toilet training began at this stage, though he was not yet able to urinate and/or defecate on his own. He would just tell his nanny that she needed to change his diaper. He was also taught how to eat and drink on his own despite spillages, which was typical for his age.Last December of 2006, Kevin turned three. At this point, he has been showing great progress in his physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development. His parents are very caring and they make sure that they give Kevin the proper love and attention that he needs.ReferencesSantrock, J.W. (2002). Life-Span Development 8th ed. New York McGraw-Hill

Effect of Unit of Analysis in Political Research

Effect of Unit of Analysis in Political ResearchUnits of AnalysisIn kindly or scientific research, the interpretation of units of analysis is similar since it is the unit that the researcher will focus on while making his inquiry. According to (Lewis-Beck, Bryman, Liao, 2003), the appropriate definition of the term as developed in research is that it is the basic unit that is to be investigated. This statement implies that the unit of analysis can be defined in the hypothesis of a try or within the topic of the research. In a case where the research is base on an investigation about the fairness of a hypothesis, the unit of analysis becomes the main actors in the hypothesis. In political science, it simply implies the level of actors at which a researcher will aggregate the selective information.In any study, the choice of actors or the unit of analysis has a bearing on the final generalization that is given by a study. In this perspective, the takings of fallacies on the conc lusion of a study will be as a result of not properly identifying the unit of analysis. In a study about the geo regime of a country, for instance, the focus of the research could be trade relations. The selection of the actors in this study due to the interest and ideas about the actor could lead to a level of complications desire cross referencing or fallacies (Babbie 2013). This article examines the possible set of units that relate to a research misgiving about the geopolitics of China and its international partners in trade. Specifically, the units of analysis that relate to the research are discussed in details. It also observes the relevance of the units of analysis that will be selected for the investigation on the topic.Depending on the research question and the motivation of the researcher, the development of the appropriate actors or even the units of analysis could be difficult or just impossible. In this case, the use of cross-referencing is used to create a correlati on of the available information to the unit of analysis that has been selected. The difficulty in obtaining the data about the unit of study may also lead to the absence seizure of this ambiguity which seldom happens, the choice of the unit of study is simplified. Problems like the bionomic phantasm that results from using data that is meant for a group to make generalization is avoided.In the case of geopolitical analysis of China and the trade relations, the major unit of analysis is the country which is China. This choice is provoked by the concomitant that much of the data that will be collected on the topic for purposes of analysis will shake up to do with a perspective of the geopolitics of China or even its partners. entropy about international trade of China and the politics that govern regions like the South China Sea are authorization units of analysis in this study.The ecological fallacy (Babbie 2013) can also be possible in the development of this study by making ge neralizations that are not about the group that is the general country China. For instance, in a study about the preference of the wealthy Chinese businessmen and their preferred destinations of investment, a study could use the country data. In this study if the generalization of the research argues that the businessmen prefer to make trade deals with the west as opposed to the African or Asian counterparts, an ecological fallacy is given in the study. The ecological fallacy in this study will be as a result of observing the overall government bilateral trade agreements and generalizing this at the personal preference level. It is highly likely that the wealthy Chinese business persons can have interests in the African or Asian continents as well.The specific units of study, in this case, are related to the constituents of geopolitical studies or the major aspects that contribute to the subject domain of geopolitics. These units of study could be related to the concepts like demo graphy and trade that is the main area of study. Other units of analysis can be linked to the climate of the regions, the region, natural resources, the use or imbalance of technology, and politics of the region being evaluated.For a study about the geopolitical aspects of trade relations of the Chinese especially if the comparison is inclined towards the American-Sino relations, all these factors are potential actors of the units of analysis which is the country. An imbalance of technology, for instance, is likely to trigger trade to advance the country that is in the possession of a high level of technology. Factors like efficiency could be the silent driving forces behind the success of the high technology countries. Ideas like climate could play a role like in the tourism sector. still while noting that the two countries are subcontinents there is a possibility that the overall impact of the climate more or less remains a eonian factor. Despite this great mix and variety of t he actors, the main actor therefore in this study remains the regional and global politics and the effects of demographics (Riegl In Landovsky 2013.Justification of the actorsThe politics of the region being evaluated in a study has a strong relation to the main actors of the economy that is the unit of study. Particularly, aspects of politics hold the ability to dominate the regional bodies in a continent and the control of the same. For instance, in a regional union like the European Union, the decisions are negotiated by the members. The ability to martial the allies to vote for the interest of a country in economic affairs would have to do with the regional political find of the country. In a case like this interests also play a major role. The role of interest is that member states will have to consider their couch on the global front and the need to progress. In many instances, the interests of a nation are driven by the fact that there is need to execute economic growth in the nation. As such any progress that is considered to have a negative impact on the economy is taken as an unwanted position by the block. Therefore aspects of political ideologies and intention have an effect on the geopolitical relations.In demographics, the profligacy of the coupled States has come beneath sharp criticism. This idea has become a central potential of exploitation of the Chinese in dealing with the trade with the American public. Leonard (2006) examines the roles of this demographic factor in the relations of trade created betwixt the two partners. Its findings indicate that the American public has become extremely uncaring of their spending habits in the past that even light-emitting diode to the recession that occurred in the nation. As a result, this actor is a significant variable in examining the geopolitical relations that have to do with trade between the nations. The reason for its importance is related to the level of debt that China holds for the U nited States. This research study also claims that the height of debt that America hold in China is developed and a major driver in the trade relations between the two states.The selection of the two main actors in this type of research is based on the ability to take a validity assessment and the reliability of a study. In any research, before making a generalization, the review of the touchstone is taken. For instance, it would be important to review if all measurements of the information that is contained in the study is properly within the context and requirements of the same study. In this case, main geopolitical factors in the study will have to be tested for their validity and reliability in making generalization of the subject of discussion. This factor means that the actors will have to be listed within the sub-factors that indicate their face or content validity. The face validity of the actors includes factors that the researcher envisions in their study (Babbie 2010). The content validity is deeper in sum and will cover the major conventional attributes that build or indicate the actor in research. Reliability, on the other hand, deals with the replication of the same study (Kibble 2011). Therefore, the selection of these two actors which are important aspects of the unit of study will be a stronger block in generating the sub-factors that will point to a more trusty and valid study.Selected case studyThe unit of analysis, in this case, is at country level. It would be important to select case studies with the same level of units of analysis. In expression at the geopolitical factors and their effects on the international trade with China, this study will select a case study based in the United States and a Scandinavian country or a developing country. This selection will aim at unveiling the difference in the geopolitical factors that favor or does not favor trade in the two countries. At a more specific level, a comparison of the main actors that are involved will be the main factor. This will aim at unveiling if the two main actors that have been identified by this research are valid or not.The choice of the United States in the geopolitical study is made mainly because the United States is a major trading partner of the Peoples Republic of China. Therefore, a study in the geopolitical aspects of the relation could make conclusive on the facts relating to the same. Another important aspect is to do with the Chinese economic system that is communist and the inclination towards the western democratic nations. It would be important here to see if the political aspects have anything to do with the level of trade that is generated between the United States and the Chinese counterparts.In conclusion, the choice of a unit of analysis has a significant bearing on the solvent of a research process. The main contribution of the fact is based on the identification and selection of the units. In a case of improper selection, t he problems that are likely to arise are related to the fallacy of the outcome of the study. In ecological fallacy, the generalization of the outcome and the drivers of the same is the main concern. It would be inappropriate to make group conclusion of results as a representative of exclusive units of analysis and vice versa. In a study of this character, it is also important to review the validity and reliability issues.ReferencesBabbie, E. (2013). The basics of social research. Cengage Learning.Babbie, E. R. (2010). The practice of social research. Belmont, calif Wadsworth Cengage.Kibble, B. P. (2011). Reliability in Scientific Research Improving the Dependability ofMeasurements, Calculations, Equipment, and Software, by IR Walker Scope review.Level postgraduate, early career researcher, researcher, scientist, engineers.Contemporary Physics, 52(6), 615-616.Lewis-Beck, M., Bryman, A. E., Liao, T. F. (2003). The acute encyclopedia of social scienceresearch methods. Sage Publicat ions.Leonard, Andrew (2006), No More Treasury Bonds, Thank You, Im Full Is China Tired ofPropping up the U.S. Economy?, 6 January, onlinewww.salon.com/technology/how_the_world_works/2006/01/06/china_bonds (17 May 2015).Riegl, M., In Landovsky, J. (2013). Strategic and geopolitical issues in the contemporaryworld.

Accountability Mechanisms in Volkswagen and Nike

Accountability Mechanisms in Volkswagen and Nike An ever evolving set of responsibilities (and accountabilities) for the functioning and eudaimonia of individuals, confederacy and the environment is entrusted to public sector organisations and private business enterprises.Using both(prenominal) positive and negative examples discuss the above statement.Accountability is defined as the fact or condition of being accountable responsibility (Oxford Dictionary, 2016). It is an essential part of all businesses both large and small. The power that one party has which enables them to collect accounts from another party is through various answerableness mechanisms. This essay will examine how a small selection of said right mechanisms succeeded or failed in the cases of two large corporations Volkswagen and Nike.The environment is entrusted into the hands of businesses. A prime example of when this trust was broken is the Volkswagen (VW) emissions scandal. In this case, the legal acc ountability mechanism failed miserably. Legal accountability is the obligation that companies have to the law. These accountabilities unlike some others e.g. market accountability are compulsory. The VW emissions scandal erupted on the 18th of September 2015 (Kollewe, 2015). The political party was ordered to recall 482,000 cars in the US after the scandal was unveiled. Due to the deliberate illegal installation of a strike device, VW could cheat emissions testing on several models and was cleared to deal them (Hotten, 2015). The defeat device ca utilize cars affected to excel under normal emissions testing conditions. Its purpose was to recognise test conditions e.g. a locked steering wheel and a stationary test rig and put the vehicles into a safety mode which resulted in the cars emitting a significantly lower level of air pollutants than they would under normal capricious conditions. The rigging of tests allowed VW to manufacture and sell thousands of cars that were adve rtised as being revolutionary due their low emissions. The stark reality was that when tested out-with normal test conditions, the engines emitted newton oxide pollutants up to 40 times above what is allowed in the US (Hotten, 2015). When the scandal broke, it was unveiled that 11 million cars worldwide could possibly be fitted with the device (Kollewe, 2015). What is questionable, is the fact that the comp any only suggested that 11m cars could possibly be fitted with the device. One would think that they would know how many times they broke the law considering all the profits that they raked in. This resulted in the emitted contaminant totalling almost 1 million tonnes per year (Lee and Vachon, 2016). Roughly the same as the UKs combined emissions for all power stations, vehicles, industry and agriculture (Mathiesen and Nelsen, 2016). VW did not take interest of the environment here because although their deceit caused them to rake in profits, their carelessness and lack of con sideration has resulted in a negative impact on the environment and indian lodge at large. In the case of this scandal, the legal accountability mechanism failed because although the law stated that cars could not emit to a greater extent befoulment than a set amount, VW used deceitful ways cunning practices to bypass the law. Since the truth has been unveiled, VW has paid and will continue to pay dearly for their wrongdoings with lawsuits and continued legal action being taken against them.Furthermore, legal accountability is not the only accountability mechanism that failed in relation to the VW scandal. Another one was market accountability, accountability to the output market in particular. The output market is where goods are sold and services are provided. This market is especially important as consumers in such markets can take their bespoken elsewhere in the event of a companys wrongdoing. As such a large company, VW was trusted by millions of users all around the wor ld. They bought their products because of their brand loyalty and belief. They were worn in by the advertisements promoting clean diesel and gave up their hard-earned money in order to receive a product that unbeknownst to them was contributing astonishing amounts of pollution into the atmosphere (Jopson, McGee and Campbell, 2016). A study found that US VW vehicles would have spewed between 10,392 and 41,571 tonnes of toxic gas into the air from each one year. If they had complied with EPA standards, they would have emitted just 1,039 tonneseach year in total (Mathiesen and Nelsen, 2016). The failure of market accountability is equally even more astonishing due to the astounding volumes of pollution that was emitted due to these defeat devices. Not only did VW show a lack of admiration for the environment, but they also did not act responsibly with the trust bestowed onto them by the output market society. The market penalized VW for its unsustainable behaviour with many customer s taking their custom elsewhere. Volkswagen faces a consumer backlash against its brand (Lee and Vachon, 2016) and deservedly so. The VW scandal is a perfect example of the impact that both legal and market accountabilities can have on a company when they are ignored.On the contrary, public reputational and market accountability succeeded in the case of Nike. The company began their Reuse-a-shoe initiative in 1990 and since then have recycled more than 28 million pairs of shoes and 36,000 tons of scrap material into Nike Grind for use in more than 450,000 locations around the world (Ekstrm, 2014). The material Nike Grind- is created using the slice-and-grind method. This meant that the shoes were sliced into three separate separate rubber outsole, foam midsole and fibre upper. The three separate parts would then be ground and refined for use (Nike, 2016). The three different types of Nike Grind can then be used for different purposes, all for benefitting communities and society in general. What is remarkable is the fact that Nike saw an opportunity to make use of all the old trainers that were being incorrectly disposed of. By beginning this initiative, it is piano to see that Nike could build a strong brand loyalty. Consumers are always eager to support an initiative that will better the planet in any way, shape or form and Nike realised this and have succeeded. Nikes Grind website statesNikes vision is that our products will be closed loop-that is, they will use the fewest possible materials and be assembled in ways that allow them to be readily recycled into new products. Our long term vision is to create a continuous loop without waste. (Nike, 2016)Nike has been very roaring with this initiative and it shows that they care for the environments and the well-being of society as a whole. This point is derived from the fact that all the old trainers were being disposed of incorrectly and this led to an cast up in landfill. Also, the burning of the rubber l ed to increased toxic gases being released into the atmosphere. Nikes decision to begin the Reuse-a-shoe initiative was a great one because it improved the regard with which the company was seen. In addition, their pledge to use sustainable, long-lasting materials designed for professional level performance has only further increased its popularity with millions of consumers around the world (Nike, 2016). Nikes lively action to try and reduce the impact that their old products had on the environment worked in their favour as Nike Grind is now well established and continues to ascent the Nike brand image.In conclusion, yes, it is true that society and the environment is entrusted into the hands of public sector organisations and private business enterprises. These are regulated using accountability mechanisms. every last(predicate) companies are accountable in many ways. However, where VW failed in their legal, market and public reputational accountabilities due to their deceitful actions, Nike succeeded in their market and public reputational accountabilities by identifying and devising a way to fulfil its objectives whilst making a positive impact in many communities and society. While, VW fitted the defeat device to cheat emissions testing and eventually make more profit, Nikes outward thinking resulted in even more brand loyalty than they started out with. It simply demonstrates that accountability is an essential part of every organisation and when the accountability mechanisms fail, there are serious consequences.BibliographyEkstrm, K.M. (2014) Waste management and sustainable consumption Reflections on consumer waste. Pg 169-171. Available at https//books.google.co.uk/books?id=GXLfBQAAQBAJpg=PA170dq=nike+reuse+a+shoehl=ensa=Xredir_esc=yv=onepageq=nike%20reuse%20a%20shoef= ill-judged (Accessed 16 November 2016).Hotten, R. (2015) Volkswagen The scandal explained. Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-34324772 (Accessed 16 November 2016).Jopson, B., McGee, P. and Campbell, P. (2016) Volkswagen faces $15bn hit over US green ad campaign. Available at https//www.ft.com/content/1234f9be-f5bf-11e5-9afe-dd2472ea263d (Accessed 16 November 2016).Kollewe, J. (2015) Volkswagen emissions scandal timeline. Available at https//www.theguardian.com/business/2015/dec/10/volkswagen-emissions-scandal-timeline-events (Accessed 16 November 2016).Lee, K.-H. and Vachon, S. (2016) Business value and sustainability An integrated supply network perspective. Pg 101-104. Available at https//books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZPzcDAAAQBAJpg=PA102dq=vw+scandalhl=ensa=Xredir_esc=yv=onepageq=vw%20scandalf=false (Accessed 16 November 2016).Mathiesen, K. and Neslen, A. (2016) VW scandal caused nearly 1m tonnes of extra pollution, analysis shows. Available at https//www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/22/vw-scandal-caused-nearly-1m-tonnes-of-extra-pollution-analysis-shows (Accessed 13 November 2016).Nike (2016) How its made. Available at http//www.nikegrind.co m/how-its-made (Accessed 16 November 2016).Oxford Dictionary (2016) Available at https//en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/accountability (Accessed 16 November 2016).Siedel, G. (2016) The Three pillar model for business decisions Strategy, law and ethics. Pg 16-19. Available at https//books.google.co.uk/books?id=SYXNCwAAQBAJpg=PA18dq=vw+scandalhl=ensa=Xredir_esc=yv=onepageq=vw%20scandalf=false (Accessed 16 November 2016).

Link between Sexual Abuse and Feelings of Shame in Victims

Link amongst internal execration and Feelings of pathos in VictimsWomen and Shame Exploring the Link amidst Sexual Abuse and the Shame Experienced by VictimsAbstractChange in the culture of the United States and other countries is allowing for much discussion on the topic of knowledgeable squall, scarce it has yet to become the norm. Survivors of versed villainy populate various negative consequences, including rape and posttraumatic stress disorder (posttraumatic stress disorder). Shame includes, besides is not limited to, smelling trapper, powerless, and disjunct (Brown, 2006). posttraumatic stress disorder experient by survivors of versed maltreatment washbasin choose one to withdraw and succumb to the negative and detrimental effects of familiar crime (Wilson & Scarpa, 2014). To reduce the severity of PTSD and combat the negative effects of outrage on those who see to it it, specifically effeminate survivors of sexual outrage, it is suggested that ther e be a focus on profound and fair connection provided by supportive women figures and other women who hurl experienced sexual vilification. This support, in addition to case-by-case and group psychotherapy, may provide the subscribe toed empowerment to overcome daunt and decrease PTSD symptoms experienced by survivors of sexual ill-usage. Women and Shame Exploring the Link Between Sexual Abuse and the Shame Experienced by VictimsSexual abuse is disturbingly prevalent,particularly among college students. The Ameri can buoy Association of Universities(AAU) found that the prevalence of sexual assault in college was 22.2% forundergraduate women, and, of the women who were in their senior year ofcollege, 27.2% distinguished having been sexually assaulted during their four years(Cantor et al., 2015). However, disclosing this instruction has not always beeneasy and still proves to be a challenge. It is a barrier that is at timesinsurmountable for victims of sexual abuse.Unfortun ately, in the United States today,and all around the world for that matter, the act of sexual abuse is nottabooexposing it and talking somewhat it is (Turner, 1993). Despite researchstatistics indicating that 16% of adult American women allow for experience abusebefore the age of 18 (Jackson, Calhoun, Amick, Meddever, & Habif, 1990),society has shied away from the discussion of sexual abuse become commonplacein America. Moreover, sexual abuse and its negative effects are all comprehend and prove difficult to overcome. Sexual abuse can get going to posttraumaticstress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Sexual abusealso affects the relationships that survivors have with others. Survivors may happen that their experience is a private narrative that should not be sharedwith others, or they may be concerned that others may not think that what happenedto them was real rape or assault therefore, victims may not choose todisclose this experience to anyone (Filipas & Ullman, 2001). In order tochange this negative thinking, women need to provide secret and echtconnection to young-bearing(prenominal) abuse survivors that ordain allow them to disembodied spirit supported andempowered. Because touch sensations such(prenominal)(prenominal) as fear, assault, doubt, and confusion postabuse may lead to avoidance coping and a potential diagnosis of PTSD,understanding the negative effects of sexual abuse is vital to understandinghow supportive women can process female victims to overcome timbreing trapped,powerless, and isolated. According to the American PsychiatricAssociation (APA), PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that can occur in mint whohave experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, including rape or otherviolent personal assault (What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2017). Peoplewho suffer from PTSD experience disturbing thoughts and go throughings related totheir traumatic experience for long periods of time after(prenominal) the ev ent has passed.A content through with(p) by Feiring and Taska (2005) found that women who had experiencedsexual abuse and reported high levels of shame after one year were at greaterrisk for experiencing high levels of shame after cardinal years, as well. This typeof residual shame is characteristic of PTSD in that survivors experience it forlong periods of time after their traumatic experience. If more can be done to answer survivors of sexual abuse within the first year after their experience,they may be empowered to combat the negative effects of shame and overcome thestatistics. This garter can be provided through support, understanding, patience,and providing a secure place for survivors of sexual abuse to share theirexperience. PTSD due to sexual abuse is not the onlypsychological disorder that affects victims. Research done by Molnar, Buka, andKessler (2001) found that sexual abuse occurring during childhood was highlycorrelated with the onset of 14 various psychological disorders in women. Inaddition, research done by Wilson and Scarpa (2014) indicated that childhoodsexual abuse is associated with higher gists of PTSD symptoms than otherforms of childhood abuse. When considering the implications of PTSD, the long effects it has on those suffering it, and the potential onset of 14various psychological disorders (Molnar, Buka, & Kessler , 2001), childhoodsexual abuse can lead to a long struggle with mental health and shame ifnot addressed. Female survivors of sexual abuse can receive the undeniablesupport through deep and sincere connection with other womenconnection that isneeded to combat PTSD. Sexual abuse is not a one-time action. Sexual abuse ofany type leaves one with feelings of worthlessness, shame, and insecuritiesthat take on intensive care and effort to overcome. Women cannot be left alonepost abuse to question their worth. Researchers have looked to strengthen thelink in the relationship betwixt shame and sexual assault in order to providemore clarity for those seeking answers. Studies demonstrated that shame isoften a mediator between an experience such as sexual assault and PTSD (DeCou,Cole, Lynch, Wong, Matthews, 2017). While few studies have been done to examinewhat role amicable connections play in the retrieval process, Hyman, Gold, andCott (2003) suggested that the most influential predictor of PTSDself esteemmight be able to offset feelings typically experienced with shame. Becauseshame is a mediator between sexual assault and PTSD, targeting it by means ofconnection will minimize its power and role in bringing those symptoms to theforefront. In addition, because 70% of sexual abusevictims will tell someone about their experiencetypically a friend (Fisher,Daigle, Cullen, & Tanner, 2003), overcoming the barriers that delaydisclosure may prove stabilising in providing a safer and more supportiveenvironment for survivors of sexual abuse. Survivors may be able to seek thesupport they need and share the motions that they are feeling in a much moreefficient manner (Ullman, Foynes, & Tang, 2001). Because of the precaution thatclose relationships can provide, the focus on their role in recovery essential beemphasized, because survivors can benefit by sharing the emotions of thatexperience instead of carrying them alone. One of the most prevalent emotions felt byvictims of sexual abuse is shame. Shame is an intensely painful feeling orexperience of believing one is flawed and therefore unworthy of acceptance andbelonging. This strong emotion can lead survivors to feel trapped, powerless,and isolated (Brown, 2006). No victim of sexual abuse should have to face theseexperiences and emotions alone. Although the shame experienced by femalevictims of sexual abuse can be a difficult psychological construct to measureconsistently across sample populations, deep and sincere connections amongwomen, along with individual and group psychotherapy, may play a vital role inempowering females to co mbat the negative effects of shame. Women who maintainsupportive interpersonal relationships post-abuse are uniquely empowered tofeel less trapped, powerless, and isolated. Interpersonal RelationshipsWhile those directly involved with sexualabuse are the full-strength victims, friends, peers, and family members to whom thisnegative experience is disclosed are also force by the negativeconsequences. Victims of sexual abuse are typically not prepared for what they experience,and neither are those they reach out to for support. Each person to whom thisinformation is disclosed responds differently. Wile the absolute majority tend torespond positively, there are some who do respond negatively (Ahrens &Campbell, 2000). Some results have shown that negative reactions include, butare not limited to, feelings sorry for the victims, blaming the assault on thevictim instead of the perpetrator, and minimizing the seriousness and effect ofthe event (Popiel & Susskind, 1985). This negative re tort typically comesfrom a place of unpreparedness. Sexual abuse has far-reaching effects, andthose who are indirectly affected (and their response to the survivors) shouldbe examined. By providing education to peers and familial supports, in additionto providing a safe place for survivors of sexual assault to disclose theirabuse experience, peers and familial supports will likely respond in a way thatfosters trust, confidence, and courage. According to George, Winfield, and Blazer(1992), the majority (59% to 91%) of sexual assault victims disclose the eventto family and friends because they view them as attentionful and/or supportive. Veryfew report the information to formal agencies such as the police, the hospital,or a formal rape center. Research done by Ullman (1996) tested friends of rapevictims and determined that participants did not feel more straiten thannormal when they were told their friend was a victim of sexual assault. Theresults further showed that the friends wer e angry at the perpetrator andwanted to seek revenge but otherwise retained positive feelings towards thesurvivor (Ullman, 1996). Because the results can vary from friend to friend, itis imperative that friends, family members, and supporters of survivors ofsexual abuse are educated on their role in the process of recovery and improve.Sexual abuse affects more than just those who experience it first hand, it alsoimpacts those who are trusted enough to help bear the weight and seriousness ofthis atrocious experience. Exploring shame, one of the consequences ofsexual abuse more thoroughly, will provide clarity to the healing process thatsurvivors of undergo and the important role that women play in empoweringfemale survivors to overcome their experience. Oftentimes, abuse-related shameis created by the secretive context under which it takes place, includingthreats to stay silent and not disclose the event to anyone and condemnationfrom the perpetrator towards the victim (Feiring & Taska, 2005). This shamecan then lead one to feel trapped, powerless, and isolated (Brown, 2006). Shamerequires a feel of self and an cleverness to compare oneself against a cultural measuring rod (Feiring & Taska, 2005). Having a better understanding of shamewill not only allow female survivors of sexual abuse to take steps towardshealing, but will also help peers, family members, and friends to supportsurvivors along this path. Feeling Less TrappedThe word trapped is often thought of in the context of not organism able to escape. Female survivors of sexual abuse often feel trapped by their experience. Researchers found that a consistent result of shame is an avoidance response so severe tat the individual prefers to hide rather than expose themselves (Barrett, Zahn-Waxler, & Cole, 1993). Additionally, shame promotes cognitive avoidance which is an intentional effort to avoid dealing with a stressor (Berliner & Wheeler, 1987). Because shame produces avoidance, both cognitively an d behaviorally, survivors, as well as those who support them, need to understand the significant effect that deep and sincere connections can have on survivors while working through abuse-related shame. Turner (1993) stated that the process of sharing feelings with others and realizing that other people feel the same way provides a sense of relief and makes people feel less frightened and not so alone (para. 12). Being able to reach out for help and seek connection, the setback of avoidance, will likely improve the survivors ability to overcome shame and empower her to fight the feelings of isolation that she experiences. Feeling Less PowerlessAs suggested by Brown (2006), sexual abusesurvivors find that producing effects strong enough to counter the shame causedby sexual abuse very difficult. Because shame produces so many emotions,survivors have difficulty feeling empowered enough to get to the core of theirabuse and commence healing. Survivors are often stuck in the substitute emotionsshame, guilt, anxiousness, helplessness, and hurt (E. Harwood, personalcommunication, November 1, 2017). In a study done by Berliner and Wheeler(1987), survivors of sexual abuse typically got to the core of their abuse andbegan healing by gradually exposing their abuse situation through talking aboutor abreaction, the expression andemotional discharge of repressed emotion (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2017). Iffemale survivors of sexual abuse can experience abreaction, in addition to thesupport of deep and sincere connections with other women, then they may be ableto reach the core of their abuse and begin to explore to real emotions thatthey are feeling. Survivors will likely gain power over their abuse each timeit is exposed through the help of therapists, peers, and family supports.Survivors may begin to feel empowered and start to overcome the complexity ofthe shame that they experience. They may also find the power to keep seekingconnections necessary to overcome feelin gs of isolation. Feeling Less IsolatedTheconfusion, betrayal, and loneliness that survivors of sexual abuse experienceare conflicting emotions and tend to run deep. Because sexual abuse can come bymeans of close friends, family members, trusted individuals (or associates),isolation seems to be the fitting response when considering that a trustedperson could be the perpetrator of such acts. Survivors typically need torebuild trust, and this can be done through forming deep and sincereconnections with women among whom they feel comfortable or women who haveexperienced something similar. cryptic and Davis (1988) found that as women speakto each other about past traumatic experiences, they are able to put moredistance between themselves and the pain. That ability led survivors to feelless victimized and more connected with those to whom they were talking (Bass& Davis, 1988). If female survivors can come to trust the deep and sincereconnections the form with fellow traveler women, ten they will be able to feel lessisolated through talking about their experiences. In addition, survivors willlikely feel more empathy and sympathy from those around them and begin to feelthat they are not alone but rather surround by people who understand them andtheir experiences. They will begin to feel connected. Empowerment through ConnectionHuman bes thrive off of feelings of belonging. On Maslows Hierarch of Needs, theneed to belong is most important after basic needs and safety and security.Further, it is often said that the opposite of addiction is not sobriety butrather connection. If connection is powerful enough to help one to overcome oravoid addiction completely, how important is it then for one seeking toovercome the shame that comes from sexual abuse? Baumeister and Leary (2000)described the need to belong or need to develop and maintain meaningful socialbonds as a fundamental human motivation that lies beneath a numberless of humaninteraction and behavior(P). On that premise, the disposition for connection andfeelings of belonging come naturally and should not be ignored. In a study doneby Llabre and Hadi (1997) that examined children in Kuwait who had experiencedtrauma, data showed that girls who experienced trauma and perceived low levelsof support experienced the highest levels of PTSD symptoms. By providingsupport to female survivors of sexual abuse through deep and sincere connectionfrom fellow women, these PTSD symptoms may diminish. Whether survivors ofsexual abuse prefer avoidance or connection, as observed earlier, friends andfamilial support must be understanding. If the proper support can be given tovictims soon after the abuse occurs, then they symptoms of PTSD may decreaseand the natural desire for connection and belonging will likely be satisfied.That help alone may empower female survivors of sexual assault to push throughthe shame they feel and move forward through the process of healing. The needfor connection is not merely a d esire to have friends. Satisfying the need forconnection can help one to avoid depression, anxiety, and loneliness. The needfor connection also elicits goal-oriented behavior (Baumeister & Leary, 2000).In a study done on 160 women who had experienced sexual abuse in theirchildhood, women who perceived that they had social support reported asignificant reduction in depression and other symptoms of PTSD (Hobfoll et al.,2002). Knowing that a need for connection will inspire goal-oriented behaviorand combat depression, loneliness, and anxiety, support provided by women canhelp to counteract the feelings of isolation and powerlessness that femalesurvivors of sexual abuse experience. By building and strengthening deep andsincere connections, survivors will feel less isolated and be empowered tocombat the negative effects of shame. Sharing ExperiencesWhile group therapy and individual therapy are great additions to the therapeutic process, sharing the experience external of therapeutic gr oups is an additional support. According to a national study done in Sweden, 46% of all Swedish women surveyed had experienced some form of sexual violence since the age of 15 (Ormon, Sunnqvist, Bahtsevani, Tostensson Levander, 2016). Because of these results, further research was done in a womens general psychiatric clinic. The follow-up study found that women like to share their abuse experiences with their peers more so than with staff (Ormon, Sunnqvist, Bahtsevani, Tostensson Levander, 2016). This research demonstrated that survivors of sexual assault tend to be more willing to disclose their experience to trusted women or those who have experienced something similar. Because of this level of trust that is extended to those without therapeutic licensure, fellow women must be aware of the impact they have o those who wish to share their experiences. Deep and sincere connection outside of individual and group psychotherapy may supplement the help that is provided there. While res earch on the view point of friends and family is minimal, some research has been conducted on the matter. Ahrens and Campbell (2000) reviewed the responses of friends to survivors and found that those to whom the information is disclosed are conflicted by wanting to help and support but feel powerless and unhelpful. These same researchers surveyed college students again and found that women are more empathic, especially if they have their own history of sexual assault, blame the experience on the survivor less often than men, and see more positive changes in their relationship with the survivor (Ahrens & Campbell, 2000). Contrary to these findings, Banyard, Maynihan, Walsh, Cohn, and Ward (2010) cited significant responses indicating that friends to whom sexual assault is disclosed feel anger and distress. Because of the inconsistency in responses to sexual assault, there is a need to continue educating peer and familial supports on the role the play in the healing process. By provi ding this education and spending more time talking about their role, survivors may be able to find deep and sincere relationships with those to whom they disclose their experience to and will likely be able to overcome the shame that stems from sexual assault. ConclusionA community, a culture, a friend, or a family member that provides safety and refuge for survivors of sexual abuse is positioned at the forefront of changes that need to be made. Sexual abuse is experience by more friends and family than is made known and heavy and positive support is owed to them. While sexual abuse is an emerging topic in the world of open discussions, understanding the trail of negative effects that is left behind in its wake is only beginning to be explored. PTSD experienced by survivors of sexual abuse is long term and fosters feelings of inadequacy and hopelessness. In addition, survivors that experience high levels of PTSD within the immediate year following their experience are likely to mai ntain that high level for a token(prenominal) of six years (Feiring & Taska, 2005). PTSD can also accompany 14 other psychological disorders that women are prone to develop after experiencing sexual abuse (Molnar, Buka, & Kessler, 2001). It is difficult and potentially impossible to determine a fix-all for symptoms and effects of PTSD, but it is not impossible to challenge it. PTSD can be challenged and combatted through deep and sincere connection that allows survivors of sexual assault to feel empowered, heard, and supported. Fortunately for survivors of sexual abuse, studies have also shown that they will often be positively received when disclosing their traumatic experience to friends, family, and trusted figures (Ahrens & Campbell, 2000). Unfortunately, there will be some who perceive them negatively, blame the vent on them, and cut off communication and support (Popiel & Susskind, 1985), but by allowing for sexual abuse to be a commonplace conversation and providing safe set tings for that to happen, the negative reactions be minimized further. With this positive support, female survivors of sexual abuse will begin to work through the negative effects of abuse-related shame feeling trapped, powerless, and isolated. Survivors of sexual abuse, women in particular, need each other. By providing deep and sincere connection to those effected by sexual abuse, they will likely feel empowered to overcome the shame that envelops them, because they will feel connected, they will feel included, and they will expose the abuse that they experienced. Additional research on the effects of deep and sincere relationships among women should be conducted to better understand their influence as more is being done to provide help for survivors of sexual abuse. Providing education on the importance of supportive peers and families and the positive effects that they have on victims may decrease the amount of psychological disorders and long-term effects that sexual abuse can leave in its wake. Research should therefore be done that explores more in perspicaciousness the emotion of shame and the role that it plays n recovery from sexual abuse. ReferencesAhrens, C. E., & Campbell, R. (2000). Assisting rape victims as they recover from rape The impact on friends. daybook of Interpersonal Violence,15(9), 959-986. inside10.1177/088626000015009004American Psychiatric Association. (2017). What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Retrieved from https//www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd Banyard, V. L., Moynihan, M. M., Walsh, W. 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Retrieved fromhttps//www.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/remote auth.pl?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=1997-07861-004&site=ehost-live&scope=siteUllman, S. E., Foynes, M. M., & Tang, S. S. S. (2001). Benefits and barriers to disclosing sexual trauma A contextual approach.Journal of Trauma & Dissociation,11(2), 127-133. doi10.1080/15299730903502904Wilson, L. C., & Scarpa, A. (2014). Childhood abuse, perceived social support, and posttraumatic stress symptoms A moderation model.Psychological Trauma Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy,6(5), 512-518. doi10.1037/a0032635AppendixFigure 1. Type of response experienced by survivors of sexual assault when disclosing their experience to family and/or friends. Adapted from Assault-Related Shame Mediates the Association Between interdict Social Reactions to Disclosure of Sexual Assault and Psychological Distress, by C. DeCou, T. Cole, S. Lynch, M. Wong, & K. Matthews, 2017, Psychological Trauma Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, (2)9, p. 169.