International Mass Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

internationalistic Mass Communications - Essay ExampleFor instance, 30% of women have been victims of domestic violence while 38% of murders of women are committed by the intimate furnish. Moreover, domestic violence has serious implications such depression, effects on mother and baby, as well as long-term health problems. AusterityPain also array that domestic violence is a serious atrocity since the trauma suffered by the victims is similar to the cruelty experience by the survivors of war, terrorism, and concentration camps. Additionally, Pain draws a connection between domestic violence and geography and political sympathies by stating that it affects communities, states and various wider groups interest. Moreover, this type of violence is an act of exertion of excessive power by the captain partners in a romantic relationship. Additionally, it set within the context of globalization, colonization, gender, and ethnicity, which further creates a political connection. munici pal violence occurs within the family unit, but since the family is a central cog in the nation, it therefore, becomes a political agenda. majority of partners who commit domestic violence use it to gain and maintain control over their spouses and use long suit to instil fear in their spouses. The most vulnerable partners to domestic violence are women and children in the family or relationships (Kenney, 2011). Since perpetrators of domestic violence seek to gain power, the victims remain fearful and vulnerable as they suffer in silence. Victims of domestic violence tend not to tell what they are going through. In fact, they are do to believe that it is their fault, and thus, they are unable to voice their horrific experiences. Pain gives an example of Jennifer who thought she was responsible for the violence. This was because her partner made her believe so, and the culture of the society too conditioned her to believe that she is the one at fault. domesticated violence accordin g to the lecture is also linked with the

Mustafa Kemal Atatrk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mustafa Kemal Atatrk - Research writing ExampleDue to this decision, dud, under leadership from Mustafa, fought with three different enemies- The French, Greek and Armenian forces. He was suit subject to defeat the Armenian forces and the Greeks due to heavy influx of arms and gold from the Russian Bolshevik government. The Greeks were able to extend their occupation of Ottoman land by a considerable extent up until Mustafa Kemal pushed the forces endure and eventually launched an all-out attack, made effective due to the complacency on the part of the Allies towards his growing hold over their captured territories. Unfortunately, the Armenian genocide is one blotch on Mustafas military record. under(a) the Treaty of Sevres, the Armenian population was given certain safeguards to lands claimed by them. However the Allies, knowing fully advantageously that the Armenians would need support until they could rebuild and develop, left the people to their own devices. Kemal then bre ached the frontier, forced the Armenians to renounce their claims for Turkish-Armenia, stifle the treaty of Sevres and even cede Russian Armenian districts (Hovannisian). The atrocities conducting by Mustafa Kemals ruling party, through the terzetto of Enver, Cemal and Talat Pasha (Freedman) will forever stain his record. On the fateful day of the 29th of October 1923, the Republic of Turkey was presented to the world and with it, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk the send-off president of the newly born state. He then set about the toil of modernizing the state of Turkey, with economic, social and political reforms that were loosely based on the successful Western states. The well-nigh noticeable, and first reform he issued, was that of the ideology of the state. Mustafa Kemal believed in the... This research paper talks about Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as grand person who make a huge mark on history of Turkey. His surname, Atatrk (meaning Father of the Turks), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament.Mustafa Kemal was a military officer during the Italo-Turkish contend and have won in a famous battle at Libya against the massive forces of the Italians. He after fought in the Balkan state of wars and was promoted to colonel for his service to the Ottoman Empire. His second finest success on the battlefield was in World War I when he was commander of the 19th division and managed to hold off the British army. But for most Turks nowadays, Mustafa Kemals finest moment on the field was his leadership role in the War of Independence.On the historical day of the 29th of October 1923, the Republic of Turkey was presented to the world and with it, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk the first president of the newly born state. He set about the task of modernizing the state of Turkey, with economic, social and political reforms. The most noticeable, and first reform he issued, was that of the ideology of the state. Mustafa Kemal believed in t he right of total independence and sovereignty. Thus he rejected the ideals of fascism and totalitarianism, and went forward with the remotion of the interference by religion, on the states affairs- secularism. In fact theories propose that Turkeys current standing among other Muslim Majority states is due to its split from the Sharia form of law (Kuran).

The Feasibility of a Multinational Manufacturing Organization Assignment - 1

The Feasibility of a Multinational Manufacturing Organization - Assignment ExampleThe present-day(prenominal) information (if any) is not up-to-date and thus there is the need for such information to be updated on a regular as businesses operate in a dynamic environment which is influenced by factors which accept changes in technology in the production of new products and production processes in addition to changes in client tastes and preferences (Argyrous 2005). Further, when competitor products change, there is also the need to change. Change in economic conditions is also a real important aspect which calls for new methods of production and new products. Such information helps the organization in gaining a deeper understanding of pine awayr needs and preferences and thus reducing the risk of product failure. Also, such information assists the organization in coming up with future forecasts and trends which are beneficial (Saunders and Thornhill 2003).This grocery store resea rch study lead engagement the use of 1000 participants. The findings from the respondents will help the organization to develop strategies which will be based on factual data and which will assist in influencing decisions, justifying actions and providing deeper explanations on why certain decisions have been made. The grocery study will, thus, aim at putting together information and supporting data aimed atAnalyzing market segments which will again assist in the selection of target markets, identification of potential customers and those that plan to consume the proposed products and why they have been using themGaining a deeper understanding of the promotion methods used and which target and collection the perceived market segment. The level of education is very important since the readership of the various print media if key as it will determine the level of promotion and the most appealing promotion methodsAnalyzing marketing performance to assist in determining whether cust omer expectations in terms of service are being met and whether the quality and the aesthetic appeal of the products is realistic.

Geographical Characteristics of Cyprus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Geographical Characteristics of Cyprus - Essay ExampleCyprus experiences a subtropical climate as a benefit from the presence of mountain ranges and vast central plain which is beat(p) by rivers. The quick-developing Cyprus economy is by and large indebted to its geographic specialisedations and the socio-cultural influences of the migrant populations residing in the mainland. This essay will entirely the way study the geography of Cyprus as an evaluative overview of its climatic, demographic and socio-cultural designs. Topographic Details The charm of the topography of the unsophisticated is raised(a) with the mighty stand of Mount Olympus. Geologists like Simmons have always focused this island for its location Cyprus covers around 9550 upstanding kilometers of land field of operations that lies nearly 65 kilometers south of Turkey and 105 kilometers far from the west of Syria with quaternion major topographic provinces including the coastal belt, the northern range, the southern range, and the central plain (6). Cyprus has a typical climate that experiences warm winters and moderately hot summers with a high number of sunshine hours and frequent rains in winter. The country has been renowned for its historical and epical prominence in the European civilization. This small island country is known for its sizeable mineral wealth, wine produces and extreme natural beauty. Interim volcanoes along the mountains and violent weather conditions across the fertile valleys make the golden-leaf like island a location of might hiding in beauty. In the opinion of Bowman, Goult and Hunt, the prominence of Greek mythology has also helped Cyprus achieve the position as the worlds hottest choice for honeymooners, bird watchers and all kinds of tourists as this island is believed to be the home of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. This Island features home for a wide range of plants and animals that add to its specific beauty. Economic and Political Implicat ions of Geography Salt lakes and salt marshes that lie over a large area of the mainland makes the scarcity of body of water worse however, there are many rivers that drain the agricultural land and make for the purpose of the population to a great extent. Cyprus is largely an agricultural region where the people involve generally in livestock production and related trades while a large proportion of the people engage in set out production. According to an experts opinion, the islands microclimates and varied topography allow for diversified crop production (Mirbagheri, 4). Animal husbandry involves the production and sales of milk, egg and meat of different animals. Farmers engaged in the crop production from irrigated farms produce grapes, melons, lemons and bananas while wine grapes, cereals, olives, fodders and almonds are produced mainly depending on rain-fed farms. Spring-summer cultivation of absolute majority of crops Cyprus depend on the stored moisture of the land an d deep summer crops depend on irrigation. The crops produced are largely used for the domestic consumption while the surplus is exported mainly to the European Union nations. Certain studies develop that Cyprus gains around 480milli litter of average annual rain fall a meager quantity compared to the necessity a result of which farmers depend on scarce water resources for agricultural purposes (Cyprus Profile). Continuous droughts and volcanoes create water shortage in the central plains of Cyprus that

Law of Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

uprightness of Trusts - Essay ExampleSince the repeal of the Preamble, the law has progressed on the back of judicial decisions arrived at in the unaffixed of the Preamble. The traditional definition of such trusts came from Commissioners for Special Purposes of Income Tax v Pemsel (1891), which divided charitable trusts into four categories trusts for Relief of Poverty, for Advancement of Education, for Advancement of Religion and, trusts for Purposes full to the Community.Trusts for the advancement of education, includes conventional education and training. Thus trusts for schools, colleges, universities and other institutions of learning are valid. But this head extends to any mode of acquiring intentful knowledge from literary learning to scientific researches etc. In the graphic symbol of Re Shaw (1957) it was held that a gift by George Bernard Shaw in his will for research of a forty letter alphabet and translation of one of his plays into it was not charitable. It is arg uable whether the same result would cede been reached under the tenet laid down in the later case of Re Hopkins (1965). It concerned a gift to Francis Bacon inn to be used to find manuscripts proving that the plays of Shakespeare were written by Francis Bacon. The gift was held charitable.The result of research must also enter the public ... Therefore research carried out by companies and kept for their exclusive commercial use is not charitable.Although far from the concerns of the Preamble, trusts for animal welfare such as that of the preservation of wildlife through animal sanctuaries have been held to be charitable, this has been due to a change in the general approach that was adopted by the courts in the mid-nineteenth century, where charities of this kind were likely to be held to be a failure because of various reasons. Trusts for animals would be charitable if they tend to hike and encourage kindness towards animals and to stimulate humane and generous sentiments in man towards lower animals Re Wedgewood. still in Re Grove Grady (1929), the Court of Appeal held that a gift for an animal sanctuary which specifically excluded humans so that the animals would not be molested was not charitable, for such a gift produced no public benefit. If it is found that the charitable purpose would be a failure because the means for its implementation as elect by the testator are either impractical or impossible to carry out thence the article of faith of cy-pres or ss13 and 14 of the Charities Act 1993, can be applied so that it would not fail. The cy-pres doctrine allows the courts to direct that the trust property be applied to a purpose as close as possible to the one mean by the settler. Cy-pres can save charitable trusts from failure at the offset or from subsequent failure when carrying out the purpose becomes impossible or impractical. The doctrine only applies to a purpose which already counts as a charitable purpose. In order for the courts to re -direct trust money intended for charitable purposes, the courts must find that the donor

Scaffolding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Scaffolding - Essay ExampleScaffolding instructions describe specialized training strategies geared toward representing learning when the trainees are first introduced to a new aspect. Scaffolding gives trainees a situation, motivation and foundation from which to appreciate the new lessons introduced to them (Coackley, 1994). Tasks that are to a fault difficult will be outside the trainees level of suppurational scope and might have detrimental effects. Bridging the gap between their actual development and the potential, desired results might non be possible because frustration sets in. A core task of the important steps in scaffolding entails keeping the trainees from getting frustrated. Enabling them to bridge the space between the received and the potentially possible skills depends on the resources or support the motorbus provides (Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976). On the other hand, setting the standards too low may drive them into boredom and loss of motivation. In the case of coaching teenagers soccer, the coachs first step was to build their interest and engage their active participation. The trainees see the coach as wise to(p) about the content of soccer as well as a facilitator with the skills, strategies and processes required for coaching. The coach not only helps motivate trainees by providing basic support to enable them to achieve the objective, but also offers support in the form of modeling and highlighting the critical features of soccer, and providing hints and questions that might help them to reflect (Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976). Towards this end, the coach requires several(prenominal) personal attributes like pleasantness, a sense of humor, even temper, courtesy, sympathy and enthusiasm (Coackley, 1994). Once the coach achieves participation, he breaks down the training programme into smaller and simpler units. There are specialized drills for strikers, defenders, midfielders and goalkeepers. It begins with each group identifying wh at and how they ought to achieve. dependable player growth takes level when each players routine training and playing surround are of the best standard (Ewing & Seefeldt, 1990). Having a consistent environment and a clear visualization of what is frontward for them maximized the trainees development. The coach used video clips and specially arranged soccer fields as teaching promotes. The coach consistently uses video analysis of both group and individual performance. He develops the analysis in the locality of problem solving thoughts. A trade of questions, suggestions and answers between the coach and players and then again between the players themselves is ever productive. The coach stressed the significance of video analysis immediately following the activity. That is when the trainee had a feel for the action. mental picture feedback had its greatest impact in training sessions where evaluation followed by immediate recurrence of the action took place in a coach controll ed situation (Ewing & Seefeldt, 1990). In areas where the trainees are succeeding, the coachs and teaching aids assistance are reduced. In the same way, he provided more assistance where he ascertained struggling (Coackley, 1994). Brief viewing periods plus the coachs analysis were followed by attempts to correct as well as improve on performance. Correction had to be positive, not negative. The coach stopped lecture and listened. The idea was to avoid filling the trainees minds with details, but allow them to think and analyze for themselves. He was only to

Strategic Planning for Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic Planning for Advertising - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, as Wanadoos chiefs believe, re-branding volition enable the UK ISP to compete more effectively in the field of providing a host of operate under one brand name (Armitt 2005). In addition, hence Wanadoo intends extending the services it has been providing, parvenu brand will better reflect the range of new offerings. Some of the new services include combined active and Internet access, a wideband telephone that tells when a client receives emails and remote surveillance of a customers spot through a mobile or a computer. New possibilities will enable a customer to transfer photos stored on a phone through the ISPs wireless Livebox hub to photoblog and an interactive mobile guide providing location-specific selective information when on the move (Woffenden 2005). FT Group intends that Orange will become the groups worldwide brand for mobile, broadband and multiplay services, and re-branding Wanadoo is one of the steps on this way. The expectations of the company atomic number 18 clearly expressed by the Wanadoos spokesman A single, co-ordinated brand strategy will enable the company to compete more effectively against our competitors. It will dish out to accelerate the momentum of the FT Groups ambition to become the leader in convergence. We will have a single brand with global clout (The Register 2005).Despite of the company leaders optimism and good expectations, there are some problems to overcome in the situation with the re-branded ISP though. Considering the fact that Wanadoo brand itself replaced Freeserve ISP only 14 month ago, the new re-branding may confuse the customers For customers in the UK, its yet more confusion as the ISP takes on yet some other identity (The Register 2005). In addition, previous Freeserves metamorphosis into Wanadoo was supported by pounds 20m TV, press and billboard persist (Hirst 2004). In future advertising campaign the company chiefs should be r eady to invest again to hold open old customers and attract new ones. Summarising all written above, we can outline the general situation. One of the guide UK ISPs Wanadoo becomes the acquisition of a well-known brand Orange. Parent corporate - Communications Group France Telecom - intends enough the leader in providing the host of services under one brand name and the UK ISP is the step on a way for this strategy realisation. The FT Groups targets on the UK ISP market are to save Wanadoos customers

Law Ethical Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law Ethical Issues - Essay utilisationThe essay Law Ethical Issues talks about the aspect of moral conduct within the equity enforcement and the judgeships. Some of the moral issues that are recurrent in these two areas are corruption, brutality towards the prisoners, controversial cleanup through either wrong sentencing or shooting by a police officer, drugs conspiracy among the court officials, the legality enforcers, and the criminals. In this case, the drugs disappear from the evidence custody. Moreover, there is an inadequate investigation of the case by the law enforcer, which leads to a wrong court judgment. It is clear that some of these morals issues referred to in these two areas are, as a result, of recklessness and indiscipline. Others are due to the dilemma and long term family. Some of the breaches are due to escape of skills or even pressure, which affects their reasoning capability. The only necessary measures to address corruption would be, to ensure there is a regular transfer of the officials. This process will give them no room to establish a relationship with local people. Enough time should be providing for the investigations. More than one department of law enforcement should be pulled in carrying out the study of a given case. Regular training of the officers and discipline drills should be carried out on prisoner handling. Clear guideline as to when the firearm is to be used should be appropriately described. polish up of judgments delivered by the Court should also be carried out by the superiors to confirm that no law has been breached.

SMART Goal Setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

bruise Goal Setting - Essay ExampleThrough the application of SMART goals, it is easier to fate goals that drive heighten and engage alone the stakeholders in initiating change. The SMART goals also help in an assessment of the successes of the organization, and what aspects needs to be changed to attain the EHR objectives (Amatayakul, 2012). Through SMART goal setting in EHR as well, it is evident that an implementation meet is possible. After setting the goals, the implementation process becomes easier since a follow up program is easily drawn. The set goals are also practical in a way that the expectations are already set and all support mechanisms are enacted so as to achieve the goals (Amatayakul, 2012).Simply put, the SMART goals setting in EHR has been impute with the ability to increase efficiency in the clinical setting as well as uncomplaining care (Amatayakul, 2012). However, challenges such as lack of proper follow up hinder a thriving realization of the applicati on of SMART goal setting in the clinical

Why Healthcare Practitioners are Unwilling to Change Practice Patterns Assignment

Why wellnessc ar Practitioners are Unwilling to Change Practice Patterns - Assignment object lessonHowever, despite the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) rules being approved by the American Medical familiarity in 2008 and this logistical development subsequently making it easier for the reception and transfer of payments, healthcare services providers gull not yet come to significantly use them.Conversely, healthcare practitioners may find it hard to transform their practicing patterns because of the unfavorable balance between inadequate healthcare resources and the unreasonable demand for the same services. Doctors and nurses may, for instance, want to perform their practice more patient-friendly by elongating consultation hours, but the queue in the waiting room may not allow this.One can take a compassionate approach when dealing with physicians who comminate evidence-based systems. In this effect, it will be gainful to facilitate dialogue with physicians, so as to und erstand their blockage of view, in lieu of singling out individual physicians for professional malpractice. For a hospital leader, it will also be important to make an initiative of presenting solid evidence. The corollary to this is that upon seeing pieces of relevant information that bring about a significant difference, healthcare practitioners will gradually come to appreciate evidence-based systems. Integrating these efforts with information Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems and clinical decision support will also help solve this problem.This statement is indeed lawful since the odds of dying in a healthcare center are greater than the risk of an get off crash. Particularly, chances of dying in a healthcare institution because of human error are 33,000 times high than the danger of dying in an airplane crash (Hammond, 2008).Although it is indeed true that the danger of dying in a hospital is more imminent than that of an airline accident, yet, this should not be const rued to mean that healthcare practitioners are more careless, compared to pilotsand the flight crew.

Art as a social commentary in Salgagos The Salt of the Earth Essay

contrivance as a social commentary in Salgagos The Salt of the Earth - Essay ExampleOn these pictures, we could clearly see the suffering of the people in poor places. On the other hand, It touches our mind that the workman had shown well in the picture. On the other hand, these pictures let us think about the darkest spots of the knowledge base which we never suffer. The artist took many risks to report the truth in the world. All of his pictures are showing the emotion from varied kinds of people in Brazil. According to the quote in why art, Good art is a trying of vision, in the way a saw is tried in the saw shop, to cut to a greater extent cleanly. It is easy to see that good art are based on a unfeigned event that what you see and feel in your life. What could be improved and change your life attitude is a good arts purport. From Salgados arts, we could feel a real world that these exactly touch our heart. He had traveled to many different countries and took photographs o f what he saw. His pictures are showing a real world of the darkest part which we may have never experienced before. The man in his pictures had the most genuine impression and action. A good art is going to tell people to deepen their thinking. Also, the many pictures that Salgago took in Africa showed a different and beautiful world to people. The people of the original environment and people showed a quiet and ordinary life. On the contrary, some pictures from Salgago explained a sad world. The poor people were suffering from the disaster. So, a good art is corpulent a story and let people think about the life of its subject.

Virginia Business Lawsuit Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Virginia Business Lawsuit - Term theme ExampleThis would lead to the endangerment of their lives and would overly inconvenience them in their shopping. The plaintiffs complained of there parking spaces being built on slopes and that the curb ramps were built on excessively steep grades. They also complained of the midpoint having improper access heighten to the buildings making access to the building for the disabled difficult. The malls also lacked handrails to assist the disabled in their movements into the mall. This made it to be increasing difficult for the disabled customers to navigate efficiently in the malls. The restrooms had toilet facilities that were unsuitable for the disabled customers since, they did non clear the required specifications to accommodate the disabled. All this f impressors led to the disabled taking action against the mall for unlikeness and ignorance on the needs of the disabled. The campaign involved the major malls located in the region. They included Crossroads mall, valley View Mall, Tanglewood Mall, Towne Square Shopping Center, Lake Drive Plaza and Spartan Square Shopping Center (Hammock, 2012). The lawsuit was forwarded on behalf of the plaintiffs by the national alliance for accessibility. The group cited the lawsuit was because of the gross violations by the malls on the Americans with Disabilities Act. The act was created to protect the rights of the disabled by ensuring they can access public places. The act has litigation that governs the environment that is unavoidable to make certain that this admission is realized. The lawsuit also included other public institutions. These institutions comprised of two motels and a university (Hammock, 2012). The management of the malls had not put the interests of the disabled high on their agenda. They seemed to have forgotten about the special(prenominal) needs of the disabled segment of the clientele. This neglect led to the lawsuits that not only discredited malls, but also suffered financial consequences for the violations. It is essential for the management to ensure that their companies or organizations follow the rule of law. This is by ensuring that the set requirements for the vocation are met to avoid licit consequences. In the case of the disability lawsuit, the managers of the malls mentioned in the lawsuit could have avoided this exclusively scenario if they complied with the law. The managers of the malls and the other mentioned institutions should have carried out a risk sagaciousness. This is in order to know what risks the customers and employees face, in the mall environment. This would have enabled the management to categorize the issues that need to be rectified and the matters that need to be addressed. This risk assessment would have enabled the management to be conscious of the predicament of the disabled and correct them before they became a legal matter. The risk assessments are inclusive since the views of customers and employees are collected. If the risk assessment would have been carried out, the management would have bewilder aware of the plight of the disabled customers. This would have made it possible for them to rectify the problem avoiding lawsuits that would rise from the issue. This would have saved the company legal fees and settlement payments. The risk assessment would also have been helpful in that other problems that the management was not aware of would be brought to light

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

marketing Plan - Essay ExampleMoreover there is a feeling of belongingness for The Big Three among Americans. because the market is highly competitive.The report makes an attempt to develop a marketing plan that would help Toyota to come up its market sh ar and become a market leader once again. A detailed abstract of the internal strengths and weakness, market scenario, competition analysis is done to identify the gap and accordingly new shipway of meeting these gaps through an effective market plan is devised.Bargaining Power of Suppliers Toyota believes in the philosophy that it is as unbendable as its weakest supplier. whence Toyota believes in building long term relationship with its suppliers and also goes to the extent of providing support and technical guidance which promotes a win-win situation for both. Hence Toyotas suppliers are always loyal and also strive to deliver the best quality of materials (Lean Enterprise Institute, 2006).Toyota does not pitch suppliers b ased on cost considerations because it upsets the entire working model of Toyota. Toyotas success depends on strong alliances with its vendors. It is something that Toyota lives with every day (LaFlamme, n.d.).Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyers in U.S. are very well informed slightly the automobile market and the latest cars. A wide variety of choices is available to the customer. Some of the big name include General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, BMW, Hyundai, Mitsubishi etc. With information available easily in the internet customers can ordain terms. They can negotiate on price, mode of payment, more discounts on used cars, free accessories etc. Hence bargaining power of buyers is high (Gatton College of Business & Economics-a, n.d.).Industry Rivalry US market has been dominated by the Big Three namely, General Motors, Ford and Chrysler. In addition there are others like Nissan, Hyundai, Volkswagen, Mitsubishi and BMW having evidential

Mergers and Acquisitions Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words - 1

Mergers and Acquisitions - talk ExampleI am grateful for the many people who aided me in the completion of this project, without whom I would have had great difficulty completing my research on mergers and acquisitions. ABSTRACTWith the advent of companies like Microsoft, Google, and chawbacon merging, all builds of discussions have ensued. What constitutes a merger What constitutes an acquisition And, admittedly, what is the difference The ensuing discussion raises questions as to the robustness of mergers and acquisitions in a day and age when companies atomic number 18 struggling to meet their overhead costs. Many times, mergers and acquisitions are the solution-not the problem-to the dilemma which ails many organizations How do we stay in business A comprehensive view of mergers and acquisitions is interpreted into account, as the pros and cons of equity financing, and the desirability of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are evaluated. As an example, hundreds of M&As on the London stress Exchange are reviewed for a period of the past 10 years. Conclusions are summarily drawn from the data provided.I. IntroductionA. Statement of the ProblemWhat follows, regarding mergers and acquisitions, is all too common. Barmash (2003) stated, The party didnt have a stark naked prexy so it bought a company that didThey couldnt compete with the company, so they bought itThe company really didnt want to sell it exactly wanted to see what kind of price it could draw Unfortunately, for some companies, this is what happens. For whatever reason, companies sell out and new companies come to take their place. It is increasingly the way of the world.This is now the way business works. It is common for several industries to unify due to... Mergers and acquisitions underside be the bright spot on lawyers and others resumes, based on how important the temperament of the prospective deal is. And, M&As (as they are wont to be called) are super valued in society and can c hange a companys outlook on the future.Anon (2009) comments, Not surprisingly, these actions often make the news. Deals can be worth hundreds of millions, or even billions, of dollars. They can dictate the fortunes of the companies involved for years to come. For a CEO, leading an M&A can represent the highlighting of a whole career.Many people in the information security and technology sectors are look to the relative absence or presence of mergers as a way of gauging how successful their own company is. This is a key factor to remember when evaluating a company.As Tenopir et. al. (2007) denote, There are a bay window of worries from database providers but they are working on ways to integrate social networks, provide increased profundity within their specialties, and make their products stand out in order to succeed on the information farms of the future.Mergers and acquisitions are common. A majority of the populace should be concerned with M&As because they significantly ru n the quality of life of millions.Anon (2009) denotes, it is no wonder we hear about so many of these transactions they happen all the time. Next time you flip open the newspapers business section, odds are good that at least one headline will announce some kind of M&A transaction.

Cause & Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cause & Effect - Essay ExampleAlexie Shermans book, Absolutely received Diary of a Part-Time Indian is based on experiences that relate to poignant drawings reflecting on batchs behavior in art. Practice makes perfect can be well related to whereby steadfast practice increases the likelihood of better performance among students. Alexi (2009), points out that improved performance correlates to action of Alexie in his book, which propelled him to winning numerous accolades such as the National Book Awards in 2007 for Young Peoples Literature.Dylon Porlas attends cooking School in 2008-2009 where he earns a letter of admission in the schools football club as a senior. Porlas gets elected in as an MVP for two consecutive seasons. Dylons achievements involve leading the school team to a conference and the San Diego sections crown. Dylon recorded a sterling performance sum up in the ratio of 103. Among other colleagues, he helped form Pop Warner football club in 2006. Participating in clubs, and other performances in various fields help one in earning a living as well as getting a good reputation in the society.In the article, Reynolds argues that children who take aim part in regular exercise are able to absorb and retain reading well. Regular exercise translates into high alertness and concentration. Routine practice happens efficiently compared teens who do not take part in sports. Because, actions involving physical agility helps young Native Americans stay alert at interior(a) and school. Because of a students unique background, engaging in baseball improves their social skills and lessens boredom.It clear that a success in sports encourages young people to improve their confidence. As time is constantly changing, young persons begin been able to build their self-worth through sports which instills a sense of discipline and commitment. Sports nurtures a young persons innate social instincts and help them to become better. Social instincts enables them in

Music Since World War II, Concert Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Music Since World contend II, Concert followup - Essay ExampleThere are many types and styles of music written since World War II, the only when limit is the composers imagination. They are looking for different modes of expression. Composer Arnold Schoenberg experimented strange and unorthodox tonal schemes and harmonies. Bela Bartok, a Magyar composer, combined the Twentieth Century forms with music of Hungarian peasants. Edgard Varese who belongs to the group of Avant-garde experimented with the manipulation of rhythms. Igor Stranimsky, throughout his good career made experiments with kaleidoscopic rhythms and instrumental colors. So it is very clear that composers since Second World War made lots of experiments with traditional instruments and modes of expression. Yet some of the greatest composers of the twentieth century, such as Giacomo Puccini, an Italian opera composer and Sergei Rachmaninoff, the Russian composer, followed traditional forms of music history. Music sinc e World War II has seen several revolutionary and eclectic styles.Under the musical direction of David Currie, the Ottawa Orchestra presented a concert entitled A French Connection comprising of the compositions of Pierre Merure, Steven Gellman and Camille Saint Saens. Pierre Merure discovered French music and developed an interest for orchestration which was very much visibly noticeable in his very first work kaleidoscope

The Evolution of a Fairy Tale Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of a Fairy bosh EssayIn the universe of fairy boloneys, the Just often find a way to prevail, and the soaked generall(a)y receive their comeuppance. But a closer look at the stories reveals much more(prenominal) than than a simple formula. Behind the seemingly innocent tales of one age(a) lie undeniable truths about womenhow they were treated in society, and how they wanted to break free from the m gaga their surroundings had built around them. To fully under keep going this, I will be examining fairy tales where women were not weak and vapid, where they became the heroes, and where a reversal of roles that was ahead of its time, arose. But first, a brief look at its history. The Origin of Fairy historys Once Upon a Time, fairy tales werent written for children. check to Bob Huangs essay, in spite of their name, the popular fairy tales usually ca-ca very circumstantial to do with fairies. We took the name from the French contes des fee, and the French lit erary fairy tales of the 17th century do feature far more fairies than the tales which argon best-known today. The Grimm brothers collected the folk tales of the German people to fixate up their volume, but fairy tales are more than just folk tales.The German term for them is Marchen, a word for which in that respect is no satisfactory English equivalent it is the diminutive of Mar, a story or a tale, and has come to mean a story of wonder and enchantment, as the fairy tale is. Although large(p) numbers of literary fairy tales were written in 17th century France, most of the tales which are mute told and retold now are far older in origin. Many of the stories were edited and changed as they were written down, removing the darker and more gruesome elements of the stories.The int final stageed audience of the stories has also changed. Perraults accruement of tales was written to be presented at the court of Versailles, and severally tale ended with a moralistic verse. At the sa me time, literary fairy tales of great visual modality and invention, often quite cruel and gruesome, were being created by the women surreptitiously rebelling once morest the constraints placed on them by their confining society. They were not written for children.Today, when asked to name authors of fairy tales, most people now (if they k new assemble at all) would answer the Grimm Brothers or Charles Perrault, and perhaps Hans Christian Andersen. Yet without history, fairy tales beat been womens stories, passed down orally by the mothers and grandmothers. When the tales began to be a literary form, the number and output of female authors vastly exceeds that of the males. The Grimm Brothers collected their tales from peasants and edited them to suit their audience most of Perraults stories are re enjoinings of old tales.Although the female authors included familiar elements, their now-forgotten tales were largely more inventive, original and rattling(a) than their male coun terparts and frequently nastier, too. The Authors of the Real Fairy Tales In 1634, a cycle of fifty tales was published by Giambattista Basile, in which place be found some of the earliest written versions of familiar stories like quiescence Beauty. Basiles tone is bawdy and comic his narrators within the tale are old women, hags, crones and old gossips, the stereotypical tellers of the old wives tale.The women who brought the literary fairy tale to popularity fifty years or so later were anything but old wives. The story which marked the beginning of the form was written by the Countess dAulnoy, an aristocratic fair sex who tried to complicate her husband in a crime of high treason, but was discovered, and managed to flee Paris. She had been married to the husband at the age of 15 he was 30 years her senior, and a gambler and libertine. The cruelty of enforced marriages is remarked on by the heroines of many of her stories, and the tales of other women of the time. 0 years la ter on fleeing Paris (she returned in 1685), Mme dAulnoy is thought to hand over assisted a friend to kill her husband, who had ab utilize her.The friend was beheaded. The Countess de Murat was banished from Louis XIVs court in Paris for print a political satire about him she then shocked the people of Loches, where she had her chateau, by holding gatherings where she and her friends would dance, talk, and tell fairy tales, as in the salons of Paris. Her tales concern marriage, the violence struggles of the aristocracy, and true love. They do not al shipway have a happy ending, either.Marie-Jeanne L Heritier led a less controversial life. She did not marry, choosing to dedicate herself to writing. Her buzz off was a historian and writer, her sister was a poet. She was also the niece of Charles Perrault, and quite likely influenced his interested in fairy tales. Her Adventures of Finette features a heroine who wins by her wits, in spite of two lazy sisters and an evil prince. The Secret Messages In a time of political censorship, where women had few rights, fairy tales were one way that they could make their opinions known.The fairies themselves in the tales often stand for the aristocrats, having power over many but often caring little, bickering amongst themselves, concerned with their own power struggles. The heroines comment on the double-standards of the times, arranged marriages, and the false glory of war the tales also illustrate the authors ideas on the standards of fall off manners, justice and love. The tales were also written in opposition to the literary establishment at the time, which championed Classical literary works as the standard for French writers to follow.Fairy tales were modeled on French folklore and the courtly love of gallant literature. When Perrault joined them in writing fairy tales, he was taking a stand for the modern mien and for womens tales (although his tales did not exactly feature liberates females). The Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns was part of the society which the fairy tales rebelled against for most women at that place was no choice over which side to take, as they werent thought worth educating in Latin and Greek anyway. instead of being forced out, they formed their own style. A Fresh Look at the tale Donkeyskin (Feminism at work)We begin with a dying queen, a king who is described as being the most regnant monarch in the world, and their female child. In the queens final conversation with her spouse, she extracts a promise that should he embrace again, he will marry no woman who does not fulfill a particular match to match her in beauty, to fit her wedding ring, to have hair of a hue as flourishing as her own, and so forthconditions differing from culture to culture. The king remains hotshot for a number of years, unavailing to meet the conditions of his promise to his wife. At least not until their only daughter matures.It becomes apparent that she, and she alone , fulfills the necessary conditions, and he resolves to marry her, much to the horror of kingdom and princess alike. Seeking to evade her component part, the princess follows her mothers example by attempting to set an unsufferable condition to prevent, or at least delay, the impending union (in some versions, through her own wiles in others, through the advice of a substitute mother figure much(prenominal) as a fairy godmother and sometimes, though more rarely than is common in other tales such as Cinderella or The Goose Girl, through the direct advice of her dead mothers spirit).Typically, she asks her become for a stage as shining as the sun, a dress as lucent as the moon, and a coat made from the skin of either a single precious animal, or from skins representative of all of the animals in the woods. In some variants, the princess asks directly for the source of her fathers wealth, such as the skin of the donkey. Regardless, the father is so driven by his incestuous urges t hat impossible condition afterwards impossible condition is met.It is interesting to note that in this particular story, the action which fits the mold of unassertive femininity breaks the ball rolling, indirectly causing a series of harmful effects, while the more assertive, independent actions of the daughter are both required and rewarded. When her conditions are met, instead of choosing to follow her fathers path and acquiesce to immorality, our heroine chooses to take her fate into her own hands and flees, disguised by her coat of skin, her link to the natural world, carrying the precious dresses that represent her heritage and worldly position.Once this character is away from civilization, she finds herself at something of a loss. Her only advantage in her new environment is the cloak of skins, which she has finagled away from her father. The implications of this garment are interesting. First, there is the fact that it was created, whole cloth, from the harm that her fath er wished to do her and the manner in which she avoided that fate. As such, it can be described as being the ware of courage and cunning.It is also a resource that allows her to tap into a deeper part of nature and thus fall out in her future attempts at happiness through craft and cunning. After a time exhausted wandering the forest, a place symbolic of change and transformation, the princess is discovered by a hunting party, and interpreted to a foreign court on the strength of her value as a curiosity. After consumption some time persevering by dint of hard labor in the court kitchens, the princess develops a strategy.She determines to captivate the interest of this kingdoms prince through traditionally feminine gifts. She uses her physical appearance, her cooking skills, and her general ability to maintain his go along interest and fascination. This threefold plan succeeds. Aside from the aforementioned aspects of feminism that the princess dis processed the independent s treak, the stubbornness, the unwillingness to conform, there are also the symbols that the story made use of in terms of the other central characters.The King, for instance, whose incestuous intent, for its time (and now), extremely amoral, symbolized the power that men of that era had. It did not matter that the relationship was a no-no, nor the fact that his daughter did not want to go through with it. He wanted her as his wife, and he intended to have hercome what may. The century in which this story was written clearly had women and men in set roles. men were the hunters, the leaders, and the autocracy. Do you not often wonder why quite a few of the mothers in tales we know, died to start the story off (Cinderella, Snow White)?It was as if the women during that time wanted to relay to the readers how hard life was for them that the parental figures for the protagonists were dead to begin with. And then the authors branch off. Weve established the role of the man as the obey-me figure, now theres the fairy godmother who always rushes in to help. What this character clearly meant was the supposition of a female as a powerful figure A magical creature who could do anything with a flick of her wand. The author clearly wanted to show that despite the antagonists presence, something could be done, and it would be a woman to do it.If you notice, a lot of other tales incorporate the Fairy Godmother figure (Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Hansel and Gretel). Then theres Prince Charming. He is the culmination of all the hardships that our heroine goes through. A full, handsome, not-too-bright fellow who cant seem to endorse the love of his life when in costume Research has shown that women in the olden days did want rich husbands and a comfortable life. It was as if the Prince was their way of saying, this is what I want, and what I deserve.Now, about our Donkeyskin heroineher femininity did come bottom (the cooking, the vanity), but one could see all through to t he end of the story, that she was willing to assert her authority, and not play second fiddle anymore. She ran away from her situation in the hope of finding a better one, and in the process, found she really needed (in her time, a husband seemed to fit the bill). Modern Feminist Fairy Tale Authors In our modern arts, as in ages past, women storytellers have understood this best.Margaret Atwood, Olga Broumas, Carol Ann Duffy, Denise Duhamel, Sandra Gilbert, Theodora Goss, Liz Lochead, Lisel Mueller, Lisa Russ Spar, Gwen Strauss, Jane Yolen, and many other coeval feminist poets have used fairy tale themes to powerful effect to portray the truth of womens lives. (Anne Sextons assembly Transformations, in particular, is an extraordinary work which no lover of fairy tales or womens writing should miss. ) Prose writers, too, have used fairy tales themes in a variety of interesting ways, exploring tradition stories from fresh, shrewd, modern perspectives.Some of their fairy tale novels and stories can be found on the mainstream fiction shelves, such as Angela Carters ground faulting collection The Bloody Chamber, Margaret Atwoods The Robber Bride, Kate Bernheimers The Complete Tales of Ketzia Gold, Loranne Browns The Handless Maiden, A. S. Byatts Possession, Kathryn Daviss The Girl Who Trod on a Loaf, Berlie Dohertys The Vinegar Jar, Emma Donaghues touch the Witch, Alice Hoffmans The Blue Diary, Susanna Moores Sleeping Beauty, and Gioia Timpanellis Sometimes the Soul.Similarly enchanting works can be found tucked away on the fantasy shelves Gwyneth Joness Seven Fairy Tales and a Fable, Peg Kerrs Wild Swans, Tanith Lees expiration as Blood and White as Snow, Patricia McKillips Winter blush, Robin McKinley Beauty and Deerskin, Rachel Pollacks Godmother Death, Delia Shermans Porcelain Dove, Sheri Teppers Beauty, Patricia C. Wredes Snow White and Rose Red, Jane Yolens Briar Rose, and the stories in the Snow White, Blood Red anthology series, to name just a few.Stil l more can be found on the Young Adult fiction shelves, including Francesca Lia Blocks The barbarian and the Rose, Shannon Hales The Goose Girl, Sophie Massons Serafin, Edith Patous East, Ursula Synges Swans Wing, and the many fairy tale novels of Donna Jo Napoli. In The fair(prenominal) in Fairy Tales, a collection of her lectures at the Jung Institute in Zurich, Von Franz discusses themes in The Girl With No Hands, equating the heroines flight into the wilderness with the internal journeys we make into the unconscious and the lands of the soul.The forest is the place of unconventional inner life, she says, in the deepest sense of the word. It is there, in solitude, that the heroine can look deep inside herself and find the space, time, and clarity to heal, symbolized by the restoration of her hands at the end of the tale. Gertrude MuellerNelson builds on these ideas in her book Here All Dwell Free Stories to Heal the Wounded Feminine in which she uses two fairy tales The Girl With No Hands and The Sleeping Beauty to examine the ways the Feminine is devalued in modern culture, and in men and womens lives. ConclusionSuch tales were passed down through the generations by word of mouth, woman to woman, mother to child using archetypes as a mirror held to daily life, particularly the lives of those without clear avenues of social power. Why do we continue to be ensnared by fairy tales, after all these centuries? Why do we continue to tell the same old tales, over and over again? Because we all have encountered wicked wolves, faced trial by fire, and found fairy godmothers. We have all set off into unknown woods at one point in life or another. Women had found their voices through the tales and were set free.

Finding True Compassion Essay Example for Free

Finding True grace EssayIn hu gentleman edict, man is surrounded by those less privileged, those in a advance of desperation. In her piece On Compassion, Barbara Ascher describes brief scenes that capture the basis of transaction between the confused and those in a position to give help, arguing that the precisely focusing society place achieve true compassion is by truly identifying with the suffering of others. Ascher observes the world around her as a fellow member of society, describing encounters between those in a place of misery and those in normal walks of life. As she observes the grinning man on the street corner and the old man who smelled of cigarettes and urine, she distinguishes herself from her fellow human universes. Ascher notices these pile, while others tone away and daydream a bit, making her stand out as someone who can acknowledge and understand those in times of hardship. Because Ascher writes as someone who can identify with severeness, she s ucceeds in persuading society as a whole to embrace compassion through and through understanding. Ascher draws a strict line between those suffering and those privileged in her piece to specifically isolate her audience.At the very beginning of her essay, Ascher describes a group of pedestrians assembled at a street corner, intent on ignoring the haggard homeless man in the beginning them. A man lifts and lowers the shiny toe of his right shoe, watching the light reflect doing anything to avoid confronting the grinning man in any way. Later in her piece, Ascher describes ladies in high-heeled shoes and how they pick their way through poverty and madness, hoping to escape the torment experienced by those around them.Ascher accuses these people as being the flawed majority of a compassionless society, exposing how they actively attempt to ignore and push past the living adversity that walks the streets around them. The troublesome heading is removed from the awareness of the elector ate, but Ascher tries to persuade these people to do the acquire opposite by letting in the hardship they also grow to grasp compassion. Ascher describes scenarios in which she questions whether or not acts of compassion are simply facades that hide misguided motives.The woman who protects herself and her child by boot the dollar like a cross obviously acts out of fear, attempting to ward off the unwanted presence of the homeless man. Ascher uses rhetorical questions to challenge the womans motives, inquiring was it fear or compassion that incite the gift? Ascher also questions the motives of the coffee shop owner, asking if pity, care or compassion compelled her decision to work the homeless man day after day. Ascher takes up an extremely accusatory tone, directly exposing the mayor of radical York Citys misguided motives behind the involuntary hospitalization of the homeless in his city.Ascher questions the grounds upon which these people act to enforce her argument that hum anity must learn to identify with the rags with voices to become truly compassionate. Ascher exposes the flaws in societys acts of compassion, reminding everyday men and women that their tendency to fear and distance themselves from the helpless only proves to hinder their capacity for compassion. As people walk through the Greek tragedy that is life, the only way to truly brighten the stage is to embrace the darkness that afflicts other players, hoping to shed the pure light of compassion.

History of Western Art Essay Example for Free

History of Western Art EssayIt entered into the render in 1593 and was there for a period of 47 years. Venus is the goddess of love, while Adonis is a bonny mortal. The woman estimate (Venus) is seen, assisted by a small child, trying to restrain Adonis from consideration off. The woman is raw(a) while the man is in a hunters attire. Some catch dogs are also seen by the mans side. This painting shows only a small partition of Adonis and Venus. The creative person foc put ond only on the two characters Venus wanting Adonis wrap up but Adonis is refusing and this is clear in the painting. It can also be seen that behind her, there are some flowers and a small thicket. In this painting the operative has tried to use the least poses or none at all. This makes it unique from most other paintings. A nonher ingredient of the uniqueness of this painting is that the artist has fairly restricted the gestures belonging to the two hovering figures. He has actually used calmness in such a military position that is so emotional. Le Dejeuner sur lHerbe (1863) This was first presented to the salon in 1863. There is minimum use of lines. A naked woman with two grazeforce seated in concert in an absurd manner.At the background is another image of a woman slightly curve and appears to be bathing and facing the two men and the woman. The background is also dark as compared to the foreground. In accompaniment, the woman looks brighter than anything else. The naked woman has her clothes spread all over with some food cloth in a basket at the lower side end, while one of her legs is stretched towards one of the mens own space. How these two men are seated suggests that they have no business to do with the woman and they seem to be communicating with each other. Being ignored, this woman chooses to just look at the viewer shamelessly.On the other hand, the two men are in attire which is actually sightly and it probably was fashionable during this period. And con tours here have not been used the artist has utilized light and paint. It is lucid that a viewers emotional response will be determined by the image of the naked woman and at the first glance, will be left(p) wondering about the situation that these two men are in nicely dressed men sitting next to a blatant woman who has not even a single piece of a covering on her body, in fact on an open. Grande Odalisque by Ingres Created in 1814, it fit into the romanticism of between 1750 and 1850.It was fist shown in salon in 1819. It again has an image of a naked woman lying in something akin a sofa and also posed in an unhurried manner. She has a small head, looking at the viewer, and a stretched out arms and legs. She has only shown her back and small part of her breast in the admission painting it is polished smoothly on the surface and has simple contours drawn round in a rhythmic manner. The eventful material by the womans side complements the smooth body planes. The puma seems to be bringing out a relationship between colors and tone in a way that it is hard for one to forget.During this period, the concubines had a duty of merely satisfying sultans visible pleasures. For this purpose, the artist has symbolically elongated the area around her pelvis. Furthermore, the way this woman has posed and her position in relation to her pelvis is an illustration of how deep and complex the emotions and the thoughts of the woman are. The romantic founders cast-off some familiar approaches and looked for freedom of expression through their art work. By doing this, they concentrated much on freedom in self-expression, mantic love, individualism, and adventure.Another dominant concept they used is the inspirational idea of dealing with pain, terror, power and darkness. This, of course, is not difficult for humans. Hence romantic artists have engaged a variety of styles and ways in their work even in neglecting the strict academia. This is displayed by Ingress in his Gr ande Odalisque work. From the above, it can be seen that the three images disagree in some way. First, how the paintings are done differs from one another. For instance, while we are have wide use of lines and contours in Grande Odalisque, minimal of these features are employed in the Le Dejeuner sur lHerbe. another.The dis semblance is that, the images were produced at different times and hence their written reports are also different and each has a bag that is in line with the period it was created. Thirdly, we have different artists for the different images and as such since every artist has a different taste from another, definitely their work will be different. In as much as these differences exist, there are also similarities between these images. It is clear in all images that romance has been the major, or one of the major, themes and in every case the main character is a woman. Another major similarity is the nudeness of the women in every image.With all these, I still disagree that these nudes were consistent with the general trends of the period. This is because at some instances, the nudes behaved in a very awkward manner such as staying completely naked in public, and leaving the viewer questioning their moral standards. The difference is as a result of the fact that the artists have different ways of symbolizing events ant ideas and, as said earlier, they have different tastes. The similarity is as a result of the fact that each of the artists wants to divert from the tradition of the academic style and wants to twinge freedom.Every artist in these three images has shown the woman to be the major character and a able object of bringing out the real feeling of what each of them wants to communicate. Nudeness was actually such an brook subject in western art because every one of the images tries to bring out a theme in the best way possible and every artist did not want to be left behind and subject of the nudes had to be considered by them .ReferencesCalley G. K. , (2000). Romanticism. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Poet’s emphasis Essay Example for Free

Poets emphasis EssayAlthough poem A contain a thematic unity but it is manifested that poets emphasis remained on creating a homogeneous lyrical whole sort of of developing the theme in an elaborative way and in an elevated poetical bearing. There is weak bathos that pervades the whole poem. The most important defect of the poem is that it takes into account a wide range of tender roles in life and tried to culminate this human experience into the ultimate reality of goal. In this attempt, poet fails to bring into being a unifocal and forceful opposition about death in the mind of the reader. Although the main though is not traditional or orthodox but poet does not present any philosophical facets, psychological impact or any other unique reflection about death. Furthermore, he is unable to manifest a great skill in making use of the arts and artifices of verse. So poem is an abject failure. Poet is unable to enjoy the visual delight of death or suffer from it pain and te rror. He only changes from integrity role to another role with the sad demise of the first. Personal Preferences Ranking poesy F rime C Poem D Poem E Poem B Poem A Poem FThe theme is same as other poem ranked above but thematic facial gestures is the most important thing that elevates this poem above all other poems. Thematic expression manifested in a subtle and delicate way. So delicacy of thought mingles with height of literary expression. Subtle metaphoric attributions to seasons are another important feature of the poem. He does not rely on a champion set of metaphors or symbol but he uses the financial symbols in the next quatrain to covey his cognitive content and skillfully relates it to the main theme of death and destruction.The most beautiful line of the poem is line 7 where he terminates the effect of death. He is of the view that by reproduction and regeneration, one can produce a replica of his own self, so death can not destroy him. He can suppress the death an d destruction. Hence these off-spring(s) will make thee living. So poet has pitched the though at a higher level as compared with other poet and have utilized his language skills to create an effective expression to convey that style.Poet does not show any mystery or fascination about death. If death results in despair and terror, it also brings rest and peace. Poet negates both these conventional concept and gives a new idea that death does not terminate life if one wishes to. He can reproduce siblings like him and this is a lengthening of his life. There is not magical abstraction in the poem and everything is presented and represented in clear manner with the help of concrete imagery.

How to protect against 4 e-commerce security challenges Essay Example for Free

How to protect against 4 e- traffic security challenges EssayIntroductionNowadays is the trends that trust the Internet commerce application where it can buoy ca drug abuse phone line operators. Some people leave alone revert back to utilize the traditional method of doing business. The trust can be lost due to the situation where the hacker flak on e-commerce sites. According to the study done by Hammonds (2014) arouse that full-scale identity theft to wind vane profiling come with various issues that been disturbed the consumer and vendor itself. That why, E-commerce also known as a dust of buying and selling of product and serve wells for the business and for the customer through the internet According to enquiry done by Mukherjee (2016) state that online sale increasing day by day because customer offspring advantage of the low hurt product that offered by the wholesaler or the manufacturer in the online mood. besides that, e-commerce also helps the customer and the organization in term of gaining the information through the technology that has been provided.Under persistence 4.0 concept, outstanding ontogenesis in advance and the information technology in social media network has been more and more influencing human perception. That small enterprise that adopts e-commerce performs better than those which fail to adopt because of the catalytic effect on business performance (Wanyoike, et al. , 2012). This is because e-commerce adoption is not automatic due to the weaknesses of resources, for example, financial with e-commerce skill where the small enterprise subscribe to done it on the daily basis. It is shown that small enterprise can influence people to the business by using e-commerce by increasing the information about the social media network. The scope of study that has been done by Mihyun Chung Jaehyoun (2014) Kim elaborate that the effort 4.0 is the industrial revolution with the future of core technology trend is expected to leave in an all-new era of automated industries. Furthermore, the internet devices significantly improve the quality of lives and in result will have a large impact on society. This has been proved with the development of small industry where they can go far in business by using the internet and apply the e-commerce business.Implementation of e-commerce is infallible high cost and need a strong economy-justification (Valmohammadi et al., 2016). This is because, in crop to get the internet connection, there are a lot of things need build and upgraded in order to get the best connection. A poor connection can give the bad perception of the customer to the country and the nation and the ever-increasing growth of e-commerce in develop countries must be followed by the business policy and strategies that have bee fundamentally reconsidered as in the developing country.Acting as online marketplaces, e-commerce websites and mobile applications that facilitate online commercial transac tions allow manufacturers, merchants, retailers and service and content providers to list their products, services or content online (Yen et al.,2015). To get success in e-commerce, there is rough business model of e-commerce which it is has been structured in order to plan the activities more thoroughly to gain attain for an organization. The table below shows the key elements of e-commerce business model.ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONVALUE PROPOSITION How a gilds products or services fulfill its customers requirements 14.REVENUE MODEL How a company generates revenue and creates profit. securities industry OPPORTUNITY The marketplace that a company intends to enter, as well as the companys latent financial opportunities in that marketplace. Many small market segments constitute a marketplace.MARKET STRATEGY How a company plans to enter a new marketplace and attract new customers. war-ridden ENVIRONMENT potentiality new entrants or other companies that offer similar products or services i n the same marketplace.COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE A company offers superior products or services at a lower price than its competitors do 23.ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT How a company organizes its work in a targeted, goal-oriented manner.MANAGEMENT TEAM. leading of a companys business unit, responsible for the business model.Source Adapted from Laudon, K.C., and Traver, C.G. E-commerce 2015 business. technology. society., 11th edition, pp58-68, Pearson 16.Industry 4.0 is one of technology innovation after been through with the other three industry before. This industry is most modern where everything needs to use the internet in order to complete the task given. The information that on tap(predicate) on the internet are not necessarily mean or lead to the success promptly ( Kleindienst et al. , 2016). In contrast, the information usually gives some tools and methods and the right information is still needed in order to increase the effectiveness and lead the innovation. No wonder nowad ays, it has been the topic that most frequent being discussed among the practitioners and academics in the German-speaking area (Dais, 2014, p. 625 Drath Horch, 2014, p. 56).In this industrial revolution, it provides various opportunities to the company, especially in e-commerce fields. According to Zhou (2015) article state that industry 4.0 system is complex and flexible where there are involving). This is due to challenges that the industry facing by dealing with big data issue in order to make a decision promptly for making an improvement. Big data becomes a buzzword for everyone because data mining already been since human-generated content has been a boost to the social network.The development of an Internet of Things (IoT) framework and the emergence of sensing technology have created corporate information that will be connected with the systems and human together ( Jay Ley et al. , 2014). This is because nowadays only use a database in order to get and save the informatio n into the system. When the internet has been well developing, it can help human to work more effectively with the system and can help the human to save time use the technology wisely.

The Two Men in Luther Essay Example for Free

The Two Men in Luther EssayMartin Luther, a Christian theologian stated in 1520 that, A Christian art object is the most free lord of all, and field of force to n one a Christian man is the most dutiful servant of all, and subject to everyone. Although at prototypical glance, this statement appears to be a paradox. Through the understanding of Luthers beliefs between the difference of spirituality and physicality, one can realize that this statement is not contradictory. The Catholic church believs that one needs spiritual purity, as well as the performance of Christian achievements to achieve salvation. Martin Luther believed that preforming Christain deeds was godlike, but not a parcel of grasping salvation.In the sixteenth century, the Catholic Church believed that to achieve salvation, one must be spiritually pure, and preform a sufficient amount of good Christian acts. The concept exists to allow christains more sequence to preform these acts to ensure salvation. Mar tin Luther disagreed with the catholic church in that to reach all one has to do to reach salvation is to be spiritually pure by accepting the word of god. He felt that the Catholic Church took advantage of its followers by saying that giving money was a Christian act and that one could buy their way to heaven. Luthers doctrines formulated a new breed a christains that believed in spirituality as the key to achieving salvation. This spiritual side of a christain was referred to as the inward man. The inward man could achieve salvation by accepting the word of god.

Environmental protection Essay Example for Free

Environmental defense EssayEnvironmental protection has become a major concern for society. Admittedly, with the rapid development of economy, our environment is faced with new challenges. People more and more extend importance to the protection. So it has been common that teachers and students discuss environmental protection in class. City planners take environmental problems into consideration as well. Factories are no exception. They begin to try reducing pollution to meet the involve of environmental protection instead of the short-term interest.The main rea discussions are listed as follows firstly, the serious air and pissing pollution affects everyone. In addition, only by making joint efforts to protect our environment can cities survive. hold but not least, businesses to make a profit pay more attention to environmental protection for their interest in the long run. From the picture above, we can see even the communication between parents and son rely on the Inte rnet. With the rapid development of advanced science and technology, muckle increasingly make replete(p) use of the Internet to communicate with each other instead of opposite contact. As far as I am concerned, electronic communication only partly exchange face-to-face contact. Admittedly, the Internets being put into use widely is the inevitable result of social development. It is indispensable to our daily communication. In addition, there is no denying that the electronic communication does save plenty of time for us, we can communicate advantageously beyond the limit of time and place.But every cion has its two sides. People are meeting increasingly on the Internet, on television screens. Undoubtedly, it is not beneficial to the deepen the emotions and between people. We cannot express our feelings fully without face-to-face contact as well. Some body language like a hug of comfort or a kiss of love will never be express through the electronic communication. Therefore, thoug h the electronic communication bring convenience to us, to some degree, electronic communication can never replace face-to-face contact. My View on Traffic Accidents In recent years, plenty of news about people injured or killed by cars on roads can be heard , which shows us that commerce accidents have been risen. But why are there so many such terrible events? As far as I am concerned, to begin with, it is the result of more cars are running on the roads with the development of economy.Increasing accidents follow the increasing cars. In addition, there is no denying that the road conditions sometimes cant meetthe requirement of cars. But I think the most important one read/write head is the lack of the safety awareness. And when being drunk, most people insist driving .As we all know, quite a lot of traffic accidents are due to the drivers who drive cars after drinking. Drunk drivers mind is vague, and they cant see themselves and the car well, so they can easily get into troub le out of consciousness.

Good to Great - by Jim Collins Essay Example for Free

unspoiled to slap-up by Jim collins EssayI found my reading of Good To Great by Jim Collins very informatory and even entertaining. It is interesting to me his concepts and apprehensions and how although when you read them they seem rather elementary and obvious, Mr. Collins is indeed an outside the shock thinker/writer and it is because of his ease of explaining his concepts that the message simply comes across as easy. The main idea that is presented in this book is that Good is the Enemy of Great. At first glance I had to re-read the statement to make sure I still it correctly.My immediate response was to understand it as all too often nation, and teleph wholeness circuit close makers, have a simple goal of being good at what they do. Mr. Collins and his look team were able to whittle that idea down to a handful of concepts that although many have the perception are good, scarce dont clarify their exact goals of neatness. The first concept of Good To Great was L evel 5 Leadership. Companies may have great product, great sales, great marketing, etc. merely what makes them relegate than Good?What makes takes them to the Great take? Their Leadership. During the research of this book Mr.Collins and his team identified multiple characteristics these leaders had that lead their ships friendship above and beyond just the Good status. Of these the common factor I understood was that of humility and giving credit to his surrounding personnel. Keeping the focus off of look what I did but rather retention the focus off them, but at the same time taking business for the mistakes of the company as a whole that they were in charge of looking after. These personalities also showed a great level of commitment and loyalty to their companies and tended to have been promoted from within.Thus having a firm understanding of the culture of the company and knowing a long term goal of the company. Secondly the book introduced the concept of First Who, then (prenominal) What. I related this concept to the phrase Trimming The Fat. Great leaders realize that if youre only as good as your support, than you better get the proper(a) support in the practiced places. The Level 5 Leader would have to find those that could lead as well. If you have the right thinkers and decision makers in the right positions, then the what could be figured out.By having the right decision makers from the get go then the goal was already on its way to Great. By doing so you are training your supports to at long last be capable to take your place and instilling a long term succession of the companys goals for great. The next concept given was Confront the Brutal Facts With Unwavering Faith. Expanding on having placed the right Who where it was around beneficial, it is equally important to stay focused no matter the difficult time. The chapter focused on sticking to your guns, having faith in your company, and seeing the obstacle though.This again focused on loyalty to the company. As time goes on and the tough time regains its momentum back into the right direction, Problem understand starts with asking the right questions. Its more proactive to take control of our future than being labile and leaving the destiny up to chance. Companies that were able to make it through the ups and downs of success on their way to Great. other aspect was for these decision makers to be honest with them and be go forthing a capable of confronting the hard questions that possibly they didnt want the answer to. But, faced the brutal facts head on.Fourth is the hedgehog supposition. This was believably my favorite concept and I think will be the most important lesson I will take and use in my career path. The comparison was stated, The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing. I think all too often it gets confused that if youre in charge and making decisions you have to be the most knowledgeable person in that area. Remember thou gh, oddly in the totality of the emphasis of this book, you are not alone.In the chapter, Mr. Collins worded his idea this way, The Hedgehog Concept is a turning point in the journey from good to great. It typically takes the right people will to address the brutal facts over an extended period of time to get to the deep understanding of a Hedgehog Concept. What a great statement. It shows the level of determination, loyalty, and staying focused that you realize your true One thing. Then you unfold on that One thing. It will set you apart from the field and past the Good threshold into the level of Great Culture of Discipline was the next concept. One again focusing on hard run and staying focused on your goal of surpassing into the Great realm and not just staying there but for incessantly raising the bar.Mr. Collins focused on the idea the in this sense discipline as a system. It involves the company in its entirety and making sure the companies culture is filled with people co mmitted to discipline in keeping to the standards. Each of these concepts builds on the one before it and this one is no different. Staying true to his Hedgehog Concept Mr. Collins also introduces his Three Circles concept. By focusing on keeping a Discipline in the company, it will help keep those involved with their eye on the regard as of being able to find that one thing to be great at and to stay on top.Technology Accelerator was the idea to not let technology become a crutch of sorts. Technology is handle any other tool and if used properly it will assist you in your success and acquire here faster or with ease. Again, building on the concept before it also emphasizes to stay with your Hedgehog circles and keeping focused on them. Technology will not make you the best or most disciplined. It is a tool and should be used to accelerate your momentum into the right direction of your companys goals, not be the creator of the momentum.Lastly Flywheel and Doom Loop was used to fo llow up. Its a focus on being able to identify any and all aspects that take you away from the former concepts. You should always be looking for ways to improve and stay ahead of the pack. The world of business is ever changing which keeps the bar separating Good from Great ever moving as well. Complacency is a Good trait. Having a system of check and balance working together with a cleaning house nous will help to keep your company above that bar.

Moral Mutation and the apocalyptic future Essay Example for Free

Moral Mutation and the apocalyptic future EssayThe devil texts, the get hold of and the book, were set in a post-Hiroshima world where arsenals were being further improved to generate a to a greater extent efficient way to participate in warfare and be the leader in these developments. By lumping twain stories together in an analysis, it is inevitable for traits to be observed in the chosen texts. Dewey in his analysis of sicks provenience described Dr. Hoenikker as a man-child curiously unfamiliar with concepts such as sin and God (57).He then identified in the doctor a moral diversity who believes with Faustian pride that humanity can manipulate, dominate, even annihilate nature (57). When the Russians and the Americans in Dr. Strangelove developed their bear military hardware in order to upstage the enemy and scare them into submission they demonstrated the characteristics of this mutation. Because of the depression that man can dominate nature, these weapons were made to possess qualities that rivalled the greatest strength of the natural world.Hence, should the enemy constantly attack, they could immediately launch a counter-attack and prove their superiority. The will to dominate and annihilate nature is non the only(prenominal) characteristic of this moral mutation. Egocentrism plays a focal point in this mutation, for it fuels the foolishness of the characters and magnifies their ignorance. Dr. Hoenikker announced that he saw himself as a child that allowed curiosity to get the better of him and strove to study anything that caught his interest.All his studies he did for himself and he seemed to have no regard for others he did not include good care of his wife who turned her back on everything for him he pulled disclose Angela from school because he valued someone to take care of him and he never considered the effects of his inventions, he saw them only as playthings and never purview of the consequences that will affect the lives of millions of people.Westfahl interprets this as a jab at notion that the scientist can be better of responsibility in developing such instruments because he is only interested in science and not in wealth and fame (957). After his death, his children distri moreovered the ice-nine between themselves, as he had neglected to keep such a dangerous substance in an appropriate place. The children used the seed crystal to suit their own wants, provided war-ridden powers with the weapon and caused the apocalypse. General Jack D. Ripper acts as the Dr. Hoenikker of Dr.Strangelove. He allowed a theory that he had formed out of sexual fatigue to dictate his decisions as a general he was too confident in his analysis of the situation and stubbornly stood by his actions, not bothering to consult with other officials. In the last stages in the beginning the explosions, he never checked on how the people around him were doing and only worried of what will acquire of him should his building b e stormed and his enemies come after him. In the end, he chose to save himself rather than face the consequences of his actions.The deuce texts present the end of the world in a manner of a ticking bomb. The countdown in goofballs Cradle starts after the reader is made aware that the events presented lead to the unfortunate end. In Dr. Strangelove, the countdown is in the form of time-measure the length of time it would take for the B-52s to reach their targets thus activating the doomsday device. Looking at the two texts, the direct causes of the end of the world stand on a far distance from the other. Dr.Strangeloves tension before the cataclysm was between two world powers, and elements that sprout from this tension eventually spud the doom. The films end was caused by the actions of people and abrupt showing only scenes of the bomb explosions but none of what happened after. Perhaps this hinted that nothing survived after the event and it was truly the there were no more stori es to tell. In Cats Cradle, what caused the end was the body of a dictator of a small island which nobody wanted to rule.The narrator believed that this was destined and all that he experienced were pointing to that event and to his destiny after the apocalypse. As he still had something to accomplish after the ice-nine incident, Jonah kept accounts of what had happened up until the point he meets Bokonon face to face. The two texts tackle different viewpoints regarding scientific development and the participation of people in history. The suggestions and portrayals of Cats Cradle may not completely coincide with those of Dr. Strangeloves, but similarities still exist between the two texts.Dewey, Joseph. In a dark time the apocalyptic temper in the American novel of the nuclear age. inch Purdue University Press. 1990. Dr Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb . Dir. Stanley Kubrick. Perf. Peter Sellers, George C. Scott, Slim Pickens, superior Hayden, James Earl Jones. 1964. DVD. Columbia Pictures, 2004. mininova. Cats Cradle. 1 June 2009. http//www. mininova. org/tor/1359220 Westfahl, Gary. The Greenwood encyclopedia of science fiction and fantasy themes, works, and wonders. computed axial tomography Greenwood Publishing Group. 2005.

Is the Philippines Truly Free

Is the Philippines Truly Free undertakeIn terms of fashion, culture and economy, however, we sewernot say the same. The Philippines still suffer from colonial mentality. Music, fashion, customs and tradition and products of alien countries, especially the so-called stateside, are still being plump ford by most Filipinos, especially the youth who unabashedly mimic foreign singers, artists, including their lifestyles not minding to spend lots of money just to be in with these foreign idols. Thousands of Pinoys are also dying to migrate to other countries.As a member of the Filipino youth of today I believe that I can somehow make the Philippines truly bare(a) by reversing the above negative attitudes. First, I will start from myself. I will think, talk and be wish a true Filipino. I will live by the Filipino values like being polite and courteous, using po, opo, respect my parents, the elders and be fair to all. I will patronize Filipino made products so we can save the d ollars of our country. I will gibber and encourage visit to the local tourist spots. I shall lead by example by taking care of the environment.I will recycle plastics and use biodegradable trash as organic fertilizer. By doing so, we can bring up our countrys economy and awaken the sense of nationalism in each and every Filipino. not only will our country be appreciated by our fellow Filipinos, but also by foreigners locally and internationally. Lastly, I will keep myself informed of the current social and national issues so I can express my views thereon. I will encourage the youth to do the same so we can preserve the democracy in our country alive and help it move forward.

Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Growth

Impact of Fiscal decentalisation on Economic GrowthCHAPTER-1INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONFiscal decentalisation and its impact on frugal offset have turned into an interesting subject until today since studies regarding fiscal decentralization atomic number 18 non save considered from the economic viewpoint, but also another perspective such as politics, graphic, and other subjects. The actor conduct of this study about fiscal decentralization and its impact on economic ingathering is that beca usance sometimes the findings do not give the same conclusions among the researchers about the effect above topic. It is believed that Fiscal decentralization has confirmative impact on economic stability and growth because it supports in better and appropriate execution of common policies. In decentralized agreement the political relation is in great position to know about the inhering requirements and twoers of societies. It has no each issue in collecting the useful data for map ping out any results oriented policies for backward areas and societies. The Decentralization Theorem maintains that if in that respect are different preferences for public goods between jurisdictions of uni imprint preparation of these goods by central political relation will generally achieve lower level of efficiency than whizz that can be attained by a decentralized provision that allows for differences across jurisdictions (Oates, 1972). Fiscal decentralization cab be handy in shaping out suitable policies, st treadgies and can get libe drift of give awayless activities of federal political sciences. In the words of Bird and Smart (2002), for services to be effectively provided, those receiving transfers need a clear mandate, adequate picks and sufficient flexibility to make decisions. Fiscal decentralization is a mold through which the responsibilities as well as resources from national to eclogue governments are devolved (Rondinelli, 1981). Thus decentralization, f ederal government empowers the tike governments in such a manner that can help in better use of resources, improve public living standards and at the same time to cover the work load (Gordin, 2004). so far from financial point of view, decentralization may pose danger if it is weakly design so that provinces are able to externalize their costs to others (Rodden et al, 2002 Von Hagen et al, 2000). Our country is federal country with centralized valuate taxationation procedure. The central power collects the bulk of income and then redistributes it between the federal and provinces to correct both the upended and horizontal differences. The financial resources apportioning scheme in Pakistan is fortified with rule and an independent organization, subject pay electric charge (NFC), subsequent to any five years, to make sure the fair and careful resource fragment. However, at times different issues ail the method and existing economic resources share and that could not prove productive. Deadlocks were practiced time to time and thusly field of study Finance and horizontal resource sharing breaches.Further this study intention to discover the strengths and weaknesses of the gift financial resource allocation structure in Pakistan, in the course of the compilation of its past trends. The accurate and suitable information about the existing resource sharing is supposed to result in alter strategy formulation and therefore would eventually assist the nation to grab the growth path faster. In this regard, it is very essential to check out the impact of present resources dissemination on economic amplification of nation. So the present study assists in identifying the scale of financial sovereignty of the tike governments and increase its extensive run returns.History of Resource allocation in PakistanPakistan is a country that has powerful central take in system. Two levels of government are working in Pakistan .i.e. the national and sub natio nal (provincial). The resources distribution system all the time remained below discussion due to the competence and sharing issues. -In the observation of Jaffery and Sadaqat (2006), the resource sharing system goes through the four levels. The first level the national Finance Commission (NFC) bootys decides the revenue enhancement division among the central government and provincial governments. At the second level, Provincial Finance Commission (PFC) delegates funds from provincial to local levels. At the triplet stage transfers are do from central to local levels and lastly the vertical resources distribution takes place at local levels .i.e. from district government to Tehsil Municipal Administration. On the converse, the random transfers take the shape of particular grants, discretionary resources for administrative, the parliamentarian development funds and the same. This fraction summarizes all the awards offered during the course of time after getting the independenc e. The overtime development is then discussed on the foundation of chronological investigation.1.3 Niemeyer deliverIn the straighten out of the 1935 Act of United India, the Niemeyer Award was followed for resource allocation between the federal and provinces. According to this award, a study tax i.e. sales tax was levied and stash away by the provincial government. While the fifty part of income tax of the total collection was distribute to the provinces. When Pakistan came into being, the similar victual were carried out up to March 1952, though a few adjustments were chart out in railway budget and distribution of earnings and sales tax (Government of Pakistan, 1991).1.4 Raisman AwardIn December, 1947 the Raisman award was presented (Government of Pakistan, 1991). The particular provisions were do to cover up the fragile financial situation of the central government. The federal government was authorized of fifty per centum of sales tax revenue as an ad hoc measure. The s tay fifty percent was given to provinces, out of which five percent was allocated to provinces, Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, Bhawalpur, Khairpur Mirs, Balochistan states jointure and residual as 27,12,8,4,0.6,0.6 and 2.8 percent various(prenominal)ly and 45 was given to East Pakistan (Government of Pakistan, 1991).1.5 Revenue Sharing infra One UnitIn 1955, all the four provinces of air jacket Pakistan were combined and stated as a one unit during the implementation cast of the Raisman Award. Consequently, later than 1955 the entire country was acknowledged two identities save .i.e. West Pakistan and East Pakistan. In the period of One Unit, two awards were presented .i.e. of year 1961 and 1965.1.5 (I).The First Award 1961In the heat of this first award the 70 percent of sales tax and other taxes from cleavable share were depute to East Pakistan and West Pakistan. The share of East Pakistan and West Pakistan was 54% and 46% various(prenominal)ly. While the remaining 30 percent of sales tax was assigned to the provinces on the basis of collection in their respective areas. The remaining duties on agricultural land and capital value tax on immovable retention were given to the units as per their collection (Pakistan 1991).1.5 (II). The Second Award 1965The 1965 study Finance Commission was designed down the stairs the article 144 of the 1962 constitution of Pakistan. The divisible pool comprised of collection from income tax, sales tax, excise duty and exportationing duty. However 30% of sales tax was distributed in accordance with its collection in each province. The respective share out of divisible pool between Centre and responsibilitys were decided 3565 percent respectively. The share of East Pakistan and West Pakistan remained untouched at 54% and 46%. However, on 1st July 1970 the West Pakistan was disband into four provinces Sindh, Punjab, Baluchistan and NWFP, thus its share 46 percent was distributed as 23.5, 56.5, 23.5, 4.5 and 15.5 percent resp ectively among the young provinces of West Pakistan. (Pakistan 1991).1.6 National Finance commission 1970In April 1970, this was first time a relegationing was do to chart out acceptable resource allocation among the federating units under the supervision of federal finance minister. The committee gave a new resource division mechanism. The resources pool was vertically separate between federal and provincial government 2080 percent respectively. The thirty percent of the allotted sales tax was redistributed among the provinces according to the collection from the respective areas. knock back No 01, Provincial partake under National Finance Committee 1970Sindh Punjab Baluchistan NWFP23.50%56.50% 4.50% 15.50%Source Pakistan 19911.7 Financial Arrangements in 1973 ConstitutionThe 1973 new constitution was accepted in the mass by National Assembly either government member or opposition members. The particular provisions were charted out for the revenue allocation mechanism smoot h and suitable in the new constitution of 1973. The federal government was do obligatory to constitute the NFC following every five years in the 1973 constitution. The commission was authorized to propose and asses the resource allocation process in country. So with the new and strong position, efforts were made to make sure an undisputed revenue allocation1.8 The FirstNational Finance Commission (NFC) Award 1974In the light of new constitution the first National Finance Commission was constituted in 1974. The DP consisted of that sales tax, income tax and export duty on cotton under this new commission. This commission made the creation only decisive factor for horizontal income sharing among the federating units. The vertical division of resources remained unchanged. Because of population as the only standard for the resource division, the provincial share of Punjab increased to 60.25 percent of the total provincial share. As a result with the non-diversification of principle, the smaller provinces were badly affected. set back No 02, Provincial Share under National Finance Commission 1974Sindh Punjab Baluchistan NWFP22.50%60.25% 3.86% 13.39%Source Pakistan 19911.9 The Second National Finance Commission (NFC) Award 1979In 1979 the government of President General Zia-ul-Haq set up the second national finance commission award. This commission gave the resource distribution formula between provinces as the following i.e. Punjab 57.97, Sindh 23.34, NWFP 13.39 and Baluchistan 5.30 respectively.Table No 03, Provincial Share under National Finance Commission 1979Sindh Punjab Baluchistan NWFP23.34%57.97% 5.30% 13.39%Source Pakistan 20001.10 The third National Finance Commission (NFC) Award 1985The third National Finance Commission could not give any recommendation for resource distribution mechanism. The revenue was distributed in the light of the first NFC award with the amended provisional population.Table No 04, Provincial Share under National Finance Committe e 1970Sindh Punjab Baluchistan NWFP23.50%56.50% 4.50% 15.50%Source Pakistan 19911.11 The Fourth National Finance Commission (NFC) Award 1991Under the shelter of democratic government of Mr. Muhammad Nawaz Sharif the Fourth National Finance Commission was shaped in 1990. This Fourth NFC achieved the success after the break of sixteen years so this award was considered a of import attainment. The numbers of constructive suggestions were the elements of this award. In the light of this fourth NFC award the horizontal resource share of the provinces registered the important expansion of 17 percentage points which increases form 28% to 45% of federal tax revenue, (Ghaus and Phasha, 1994). The population was the only base for resource distribution among the provinces which is given below.Table No 05, Provincial Share under National Finance Committee 1991Sindh Punjab Baluchistan NWFP23.28%57.88% 5.30% 13.54%Source Pakistan 19911.12 The Fifth National Finance Commission (NFC) Award 1997I n this award the DP was extended with the addition of all duties and taxes. Capital value tax, wealth tax, income tax, sales tax, excise duties, export duties, custom duties (other than duty on gas that is charged at wellhead), and each and every other taxes that were collected or levied by central government. The net development surcharges on natural gas and the royalties on unwashed oil were extended to the provinces in the form of straight transfers. The each province was given the share from divisible pool as under.Table No 06, Provincial Share under National Finance Committee 1997Sindh Punjab Baluchistan NWFP23.28%57.88% 5.30% 13.54%Source Pakistan 19961.13 The sixth National Finance Commission (NFC) Award 2000General Pervaiz Musharraf came into power and gave the Sixth NFC in which the federal government was insisting 45% out of DP but the provinces were demanding 50% of the share and this NFC sinless its term without any achievement.1.14 The Seventh National Finance Commiss ion (NFC) Award 2010The long standing problem of allocation of resources between provinces and federal has been set on by the momentous announcement of the 7th National Finance Commission Award on 18th March 2010. In this National Finance Commission Award the share of the provinces in vertical allocation has been enlarged from 49 percent to 56 percent for the period of the 2010-11 and 57.5 percent for the duration of the remaining years of the award. The multiple criteria formula for the horizontal resource distribution among the provinces has been applied instead of traditional population criteria which was the only base for resource distribution in Pakistan. In the light of this new multiple criterion for resource distribution among the provinces, 82 percent allocation was made on population, 10.3 percent on poverty and backwardness, 5 percent on revenue collection or genesis and 2.7 percent on inverse population density (IPD). According to the 7th NFC award federal official Gove rnment had reduced its collection charges from 5 percent to 1 percent, which would mainly benefit to the provinces. Realizing the position of Province Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in the war on terror 1 percent of the net divisible pool was assigned to this province. According to this new formula of resource allocation Baluchistan would get 9.09 percent from divisible pool, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 14.62 percent, Sindh 24.55 percent and Punjab 51.74 percent.Table No 07, Provincial Share under National Finance Committee 2010Sindh Punjab Baluchistan Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa24.55%5174% 9.09% 14.62%Source Pakistan 2006Briefly, the record of National Finance Commission indicates the resource allocation in Pakistan generally has been ineffective. It has the both the shades of failure as well as certain achievements. On the positive side the NFC all the stake holders are unploughed on board and decides the resource allocation among them. Further, with the passage of time more financial resources autonomy has b een delegated to the provinces and there is more realization of fiscal decentralization especially in past three NFC awards of 1997, 2006 and 2010. The resource share of provinces has been improved either due to inclusion of taxes in the DP or due to the higher provincial share in the comparison that of central since 1991 NFC award. Further the increased grants and straight transfers are channelized to the provinces. Similarly, the incentive of interconnected the grants motive the provinces, inviting them to enhance efficiency, have their own resource generation and obtain financial autonomy ( Ahmed et al, 2007).On the other hand, on its negative side, various deadlocks and long breaks were exercised very often due to non-harmony among the provinces and between the provinces and center. every(prenominal) one of the provinces has contrary characteristics and offers different monetary opportunities to its citizens. Different importance of the provinces destabilized their bargaining authority. For instance, Punjab insisted for the agriculture yield and population as only criterion to share out the funds, while Sindh has emphasized on the revenue generation criterion, Baluchistan demanded for area and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa advocated for backwardness. Consequently, owing to the absence of consensus and failure in agreement, provinces retreat to the adoption of a single criterion, which is sub-most favorable. In last the institutional system of NFC has remained unsuccessful in amicably moving towards the progress, development and tackling the very crucial hitch of fiscal allocation and transference.The second part of this empirical work is the comparison between the local governments and non-local governments economic performance. The gross domestic product growth rate has been compared. The first phase of local governments starts from the government of General Ayoub caravan inn and Yahya Khan from 1960 to 1971, second phase of the local government starts in the gov ernment of General Zia-ul-Haq from 1978 to 1987 and third phase of local government starts in the government of General Musharraff from 2001 to 2008. The total time period of local government remained 30 years so other remaining years of non-local government performance have been compared which starts form 1957 to 1959, 1972 to 1977, 1988 to 2000 and 2009 to 2012. GDP growth rate during the local and non-local government in Pakistan year wise is given bellow.Table No 08, GDP growth rate during non-local governments in Pakistan for thirty years.YearGDP Growth set outYearGDP Growth Rate195410.219915.619552.019927.719563.519932.319573.019944.519582.519954.119595.519966.619722.319971.719736.819983.519747.519994.219753.920003.919763.320091.619772.820103.819886.420114.419894.820124.519904.620135.0Source Economic Survey of Pakistan and Handbook of Statistics on Pakistan sparingGraph No 01 GDP growth rate during non-local governments in PakistanTable No 09, GDP growth rate during local go vernments in Pakistan for thirty years.YearGDP Growth RateYearGDP Growth Rate196010.219815.619612.019827.719623.519832.319633.019844.519642.519854.119655.519866.619662.319871.719676.820013.519687.520024.219693.920033.919703.320041.619712.820053.819786.420064.419794.820074.519804.620085.0Source Economic Survey of Pakistan and Handbook of Statistics on Pakistan EconomyGraph No 02, GDP growth rate during local governments in Pakistan.Graph No 03, GDP growth rate during the local and non-local governments for the selected thirty years in Pakistan.In this graph of GDP growth rate during local and Non-local Governments, the green colour interdict show the GDP growth rate during Local Governments and while the gallant colour bars show the GDP growth rate during the Non-local Governments in Pakistan for the selected years. The green colour bars which depict the growth rate during local governments are generally higher than others that represent the growth rate during Non-local Government s for nominated years in Pakistan.Further we have compared the Average GDP growth rate of both types of governments. First GDP growth rates of Non-local Governments of Pakistan for given time periods 30 years have been summed and divided by 30 thirty years and same for Local Governments. So the average GDP growth rate during Non-local Governments has remained 4.41% and while the GDP growth in the period of Local Governments has remained 6.11%, which is much higher than Non-local governments.